9129767 7PM7NYKS 1 apa 50 date desc year 18 https://e8chin.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22GKXAMLRJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gruber%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGruber%2C%20B.%20H.%2C%20Nicklas%2C%20R.%20W.%2C%20Day%2C%20J.%20M.%20D.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Ren%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bernard%2C%20R.%20E.%20%282024%29.%20Origin%20of%20fabrics%20and%20olivine%20chemical%20variations%20preserved%20in%20brachinite%20and%20brachinite%26%23x2010%3Blike%20achondrite%20meteorites.%20%3Ci%3EMeteoritics%20%26amp%3B%20Planetary%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20maps.14179.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fmaps.14179%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fmaps.14179%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Origin%20of%20fabrics%20and%20olivine%20chemical%20variations%20preserved%20in%20brachinite%20and%20brachinite%5Cu2010like%20achondrite%20meteorites%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nicklas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Day%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minghua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Brachinites%20and%20brachinite%5Cu2010like%20achondrites%20are%20olivine%5Cu2010rich%20meteorites%20that%20represent%20materials%20after%20partial%20metal%5Cu2013silicate%20differentiation%20on%20multiple%20early%20Solar%20System%20bodies.%20Both%20meteorite%20types%20show%20macroscopic%20textures%20of%20olivine%20crystals%2C%20which%20make%20up%20%3E70%20modal%20percent%20of%20their%20mineralogy.%20We%20investigated%20the%20orientations%20of%20olivine%20using%20electron%20backscatter%20diffraction%20%28EBSD%29%20and%20elemental%20compositions%20from%20paired%20brachinite%5Cu2010like%20achondrites%20and%20one%20brachinite.%20The%20olivine%20orientations%20are%20characterized%20by%20a%20strong%20concentration%20of%20%5B010%5D%20axes%20with%20maxima%20perpendicular%20to%20the%20foliation%5C%2Flayering%20and%20a%20concentration%20of%20%5B001%5D%20axes%20distributed%20in%20a%20girdle%20or%2C%20in%20a%20few%20samples%2C%20as%20point%20maxima.%20Trace%20element%20abundances%20of%20the%20olivine%20in%20these%20meteorites%20determined%20using%20laser%20ablation%20inductively%20coupled%20plasma%5Cu2013mass%20spectrometry%20have%20uniformly%20low%20concentrations%20of%20sodium%20%28%3C300%5Cu2009%5Cu03bcg%5Cu2009g%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20aluminum%20%28%3C70%5Cu2009%5Cu03bcg%5Cu2009g%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20and%20titanium%20%28%3C40%5Cu2009%5Cu03bcg%5Cu2009g%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20that%20are%20distinct%20from%20olivine%20in%20chondrites%20or%20within%20terrestrial%20lavas.%20Instead%2C%20brachinite%20and%20brachinite%5Cu2010like%20olivine%20compositions%20broadly%20overlap%20those%5Cu00a0of%20olivine%20from%20melt%5Cu2010depleted%20mantle%20lithologies%20on%20Earth.%20Evidence%20from%20olivine%20trace%20element%20geochemistry%2C%20in%20conjunction%20with%20mineral%20fabrics%2C%20supports%20that%20these%20meteorites%20formed%20as%20melt%20residues%20on%20their%20host%20planetary%20body%28ies%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-05-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fmaps.14179%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221086-9379%2C%201945-5100%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fmaps.14179%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22QWAHCFCZ%22%2C%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-29T17%3A16%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AEAF9ZCT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Worthington%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-04-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWorthington%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Palin%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282024%29.%20Metasomatism%20of%20the%20continental%20crust%20and%20its%20impact%20on%20surface%20uplift%3A%20Insights%20from%20reactive%26%23x2010%3Btransport%20modelling.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Metamorphic%20Geology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20jmg.12772.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjmg.12772%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjmg.12772%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metasomatism%20of%20the%20continental%20crust%20and%20its%20impact%20on%20surface%20uplift%3A%20Insights%20from%20reactive%5Cu2010transport%20modelling%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Worthington%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20High%5Cu2010elevation%2C%20low%5Cu2010relief%20continental%20plateaus%20are%20major%20topographic%20features%20and%20profoundly%20influence%20atmospheric%20circulation%2C%20sediment%20transport%20and%20storage%2C%20and%20biodiversity.%20Although%20orogenic%20surface%5Cu2010uplift%20mechanisms%20for%20modern%20continental%20plateaus%20near%20known%20plate%20margins%20like%20Tibet%20are%20well%5Cu2010characterized%2C%20they%20cannot%20account%20for%20examples%20in%20intracontinental%20settings%20like%20the%20Colorado%20Plateau.%20In%20contrast%20to%20canonical%20plate%5Cu2010tectonic%20uplift%20mechanisms%2C%20broad%5Cu2010scale%20hydration%5Cu2010induced%20metasomatism%20of%20the%20lower%20crust%20has%20been%20suggested%20to%20reduce%20its%20density%20and%20increase%20its%20buoyancy%20sufficiently%20to%20contribute%20to%20isostatic%20uplift.%20However%2C%20the%20relationships%20between%20key%20petrophysical%20properties%20in%20these%20environments%20are%20not%20fully%20quantified%2C%20which%20limits%20application%20of%20this%20model.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20a%20series%20of%20petrological%20models%20that%20describe%20the%20petrological%20and%20topographic%20effects%20of%20fluid%5Cu2013rock%20interaction%20in%20non%5Cu2010deforming%20continental%20crust%20of%20varying%20composition.%20We%20apply%20an%20open%5Cu2010system%20petrological%20modelling%20framework%20that%20utilizes%20reactive%5Cu2010transport%20calculations%20to%20determine%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20over%20which%20mineralogic%20transformations%20take%20place%20compared%20with%20the%20magnitude%20of%20infiltration%20of%20aqueous%20fluids%20derived%20from%20devolatilization%20of%20subducting%20oceanic%20lithosphere.%20The%20buoyancy%20effect%20of%20hydration%5Cu2010induced%20de%5Cu2010densification%20is%20most%20significant%20for%20metabasic%20lower%20crust%2C%20intermediate%20for%20metapelitic%20crust%2C%20and%20minimal%20for%20granodioritic%20crust.%20We%20apply%20these%20results%20to%20a%20case%20study%20of%20the%20~2%5Cu2009km%5Cu2010high%20Colorado%20Plateau%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20under%20ideal%20conditions%2C%20hydration%20of%20its%20lower%5Cu2013middle%20crust%20by%20infiltrating%20aqueous%20fluids%20released%20by%20the%20Farallon%20slab%20during%20Cenozoic%20low%5Cu2010angle%20subduction%20could%20have%20uplifted%20the%20plateau%20surface%20by%20a%20maximum%20of%20~1%5Cu2009km%20over%2016%5Cu2009Myr.%20However%2C%20realistically%2C%20although%20hydration%20likely%20has%20a%20measurable%20effect%20on%20surface%20tectonics%2C%20the%20uplift%20of%20orogenic%20plateaus%20is%20likely%20dominantly%20controlled%20by%20other%20factors%2C%20such%20as%20lithospheric%20delamination.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-04-18%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjmg.12772%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220263-4929%2C%201525-1314%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjmg.12772%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-29T22%3A07%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EHLT6PZ6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282024%29.%20Dual%20mantle%20melt%20layers.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Geoscience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20372%26%23x2013%3B373.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-024-01439-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-024-01439-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dual%20mantle%20melt%20layers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41561-024-01439-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221752-0894%2C%201752-0908%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41561-024-01439-9%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-06-10T20%3A50%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WPV5YWMY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferrand%20and%20Chin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerrand%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Garnet%20pyroxenites%20explain%20high%20electrical%20conductivity%20in%20the%20East%20African%20deep%20lithosphere.%20%3Ci%3ELithos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E462%26%23x2013%3B463%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20107405.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2023.107405%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2023.107405%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Garnet%20pyroxenites%20explain%20high%20electrical%20conductivity%20in%20the%20East%20African%20deep%20lithosphere%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2023.107405%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200244937%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0024493723003894%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-08T17%3A56%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225TKB4GRH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20T.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20%282023%29.%20Strong%20Physical%20Contrasts%20Across%20Two%20Mid%26%23x2010%3BLithosphere%20Discontinuities%20Beneath%20the%20Northwestern%20United%20States%3A%20Evidence%20for%20Cratonic%20Mantle%20Metasomatism.%20%3Ci%3EAGU%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20e2023AV001014.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023AV001014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023AV001014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Strong%20Physical%20Contrasts%20Across%20Two%20Mid%5Cu2010Lithosphere%20Discontinuities%20Beneath%20the%20Northwestern%20United%20States%3A%20Evidence%20for%20Cratonic%20Mantle%20Metasomatism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tianze%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Mid%5Cu2010lithosphere%20discontinuities%20are%20seismic%20interfaces%20likely%20located%20within%20the%20lithospheric%20mantle%20of%20stable%20cratons%2C%20which%20typically%20represent%20velocities%20decreasing%20with%20depth.%20The%20origins%20of%20these%20interfaces%20are%20poorly%20understood%20due%20to%20the%20difficulties%20in%20both%20characterizing%20them%20seismically%20and%20reconciling%20the%20observations%20with%20thermal%5Cu2010chemical%20models%20of%20cratons.%20Metasomatism%20of%20the%20cratonic%20lithosphere%20has%20been%20reported%20by%20numerous%20geochemical%20and%20petrological%20studies%20worldwide%2C%20yet%20its%20seismic%20signature%20remains%20elusive.%20Here%2C%20we%20identify%20two%20distinct%20mid%5Cu2010lithosphere%20discontinuities%20at%20%5Cu223c87%20and%20%5Cu223c117%5Cu00a0km%20depth%20beneath%20the%20eastern%20Wyoming%20craton%20and%20the%20southwestern%20Superior%20craton%20by%20analyzing%20seismic%20data%20recorded%20by%20two%20longstanding%20stations.%20Our%20waveform%20modeling%20shows%20that%20the%20shallow%20and%20deep%20interfaces%20represent%20isotropic%20velocity%20drops%20of%202%25%5Cu20138%25%20and%204%25%5Cu20139%25%2C%20respectively%2C%20depending%20on%20the%20contributions%20from%20changes%20in%20radial%20anisotropy%20and%20density.%20By%20building%20a%20thermal%5Cu2010chemical%20model%20including%20the%20regional%20xenolith%20thermobarometry%20constraints%20and%20the%20experimental%20phase%5Cu2010equilibrium%20data%20of%20mantle%20metasomatism%2C%20we%20show%20that%20the%20shallow%20interface%20probably%20represents%20the%20metasomatic%20front%2C%20below%20which%20hydrous%20minerals%20such%20as%20amphibole%20and%20phlogopite%20are%20present%2C%20whereas%20the%20deep%20interface%20may%20be%20caused%20by%20the%20onset%20of%20carbonated%20partial%20melting.%20The%20hydrous%20minerals%20and%20melts%20are%20products%20of%20mantle%20metasomatism%2C%20with%20CO%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2010H%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20O%5Cu2010rich%20siliceous%20melt%20as%20a%20probable%20metasomatic%20reagent.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20mantle%20metasomatism%20is%20probably%20an%20important%20cause%20of%20mid%5Cu2010lithosphere%20discontinuities%20worldwide%2C%20especially%20near%20craton%20boundaries%2C%20where%20the%20mantle%20lithosphere%20may%20be%20intensely%20metasomatized%20by%20fluids%20and%20melts%20released%20by%20subducting%20slabs.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Based%20on%20xenolith%20and%20seismic%5Cu2010tomography%20evidence%2C%20the%20mantle%20lithospheres%20of%20stable%20cratons%20were%20commonly%20believed%20to%20be%20contiguous%20bodies%20with%20low%20temperatures%20and%20low%20content%20of%20volatile%20and%20incompatible%20elements%2C%20which%20are%20critical%20for%20the%20longevity%20of%20cratons.%20Nonetheless%2C%20in%20recent%20decades%2C%20many%20studies%20using%20converted%20and%20reflected%20seismic%20waves%20detected%20interfaces%20typically%20representing%20significant%20seismic%5Cu2010velocity%20reductions%20with%20depth%20within%20the%20mantle%20lithosphere%20of%20many%20cratons%20globally%20%28%5Cu201cmid%5Cu2010lithosphere%20discontinuities%5Cu201d%20or%20MLDs%29.%20The%20sizes%20of%20the%20velocity%20reductions%20at%20the%20MLDs%20usually%20require%20the%20presence%20of%20significant%20volumes%20of%20hydrous%20minerals%20or%20even%20volatile%5Cu2010rich%20partial%20melts%2C%20which%20challenges%20the%20canonical%20compositional%20model%20of%20cratonic%20mantle%20lithospheres.%20The%20volatile%5Cu2010bearing%20phases%20causing%20MLDs%20likely%20originate%20from%20mantle%20metasomatism%2C%20a%20process%20widely%20documented%20yet%20poorly%20understood%20due%20to%20limited%20xenolith%20evidence.%20Here%2C%20we%20conduct%20a%20detailed%20case%20study%20of%20the%20MLDs%20beneath%20the%20northwestern%20United%20States%20and%20find%20that%20the%20two%20MLDs%20beneath%20the%20study%20area%20can%20be%20explained%20with%20a%20metasomatic%20front%20and%20the%20onset%20of%20carbonated%20partial%20melting%2C%20which%20are%20likely%20products%20of%20melt%5Cu2010assisted%20mantle%20metasomatism.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20mantle%20metasomatism%20as%20a%20likely%20origin%20of%20MLDs%20and%20the%20possibility%20of%20using%20seismic%20techniques%20to%20better%20characterize%20mantle%20metasomatism%20beneath%20cratons.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Two%20mid%5Cu2010lithosphere%20discontinuities%20at%20%5Cu223c87%20and%20%5Cu223c117%5Cu00a0km%20depth%20exist%20beneath%20the%20eastern%20Wyoming%20craton%20and%20southwestern%20Superior%20craton%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20shallow%20and%20deep%20interfaces%20represent%20isotropic%20velocity%20drops%20of%202%25%5Cu20138%25%20and%204%25%5Cu20139%25%2C%20respectively%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20shallow%20and%20deep%20interfaces%20may%20represent%20the%20metasomatic%20front%20and%20the%20onset%20of%20carbonated%20partial%20melting%2C%20respectively%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023AV001014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222576-604X%2C%202576-604X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023AV001014%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-02-14T20%3A01%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224IHIY69W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20and%20Chin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.-T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Cratonization%20and%20a%20journey%20of%20healing%3A%20From%20weakness%20to%20strength.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E624%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20118439.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2023.118439%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2023.118439%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cratonization%20and%20a%20journey%20of%20healing%3A%20From%20weakness%20to%20strength%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cin-Ty%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2023.118439%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0012821X23004521%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-30T21%3A18%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BUGYDJ73%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gruber%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGruber%2C%20B.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Le%20Roux%2C%20V.%20%282023%29.%20Evolution%20of%20Microstructural%20Heterogeneity%20in%20the%20Deep%20Arc%20Lithosphere%20During%20Delamination.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20e2022JB025661.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025661%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025661%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evolution%20of%20Microstructural%20Heterogeneity%20in%20the%20Deep%20Arc%20Lithosphere%20During%20Delamination%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veronique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Roux%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20microstructural%20properties%20of%20deep%20arc%20cumulates%20%28arclogites%29%20are%20poorly%20understood%2C%20but%20are%20essential%20in%20gaining%20a%20comprehensive%20picture%20of%20the%20rheology%20of%20continental%20lithosphere.%20Here%2C%20we%20analyze%2016%20arclogite%20xenoliths%2C%20comprising%20a%20low%20MgO%20and%20a%20high%20MgO%20suite%2C%20from%20Arizona%2C%20USA%20using%20electron%20backscatter%20diffraction%20to%20map%20microstructures%2C%20clinopyroxene%20shape%20preferred%20orientations%20%28SPO%29%2C%20and%20clinopyroxene%20crystallographic%20preferred%20orientations%20%28CPO%29.%20The%20lower%20pressure%20%28%5Cu223c1%5Cu00a0GPa%29%20low%20MgO%20arclogites%20show%20a%20variety%20of%20different%20clinopyroxene%20fabrics%20%28S%2C%20L%2C%20and%20LS%5Cu2010type%29%2C%20whereas%20the%20high%20pressure%20%28%3E2%5Cu00a0GPa%29%20high%20MgO%20arclogites%20show%20predominantly%20LS%5Cu2010type%20fabrics.%20Furthermore%2C%20clinopyroxenes%20in%20low%20MgO%20arclogites%20all%20show%20a%20pronounced%20correspondence%20between%20the%20long%20axis%20of%20their%20grain%20shape%20ellipsoids%20with%20the%20%5B001%5D%20crystal%20direction%2C%20indicating%20an%20SPO%20control%20on%20the%20CPO.%20In%20contrast%2C%20high%20MgO%20arclogite%20clinopyroxenes%20lack%20such%20a%20correspondence.%20We%20propose%20that%20both%20arclogite%20types%20originated%20as%20igneous%20cumulates%2C%20consistent%20with%20previous%20studies%2C%20but%20that%20the%20high%20MgO%20suite%20experienced%20substantial%20recrystallization%20which%20diminished%20the%20original%20igneous%20SPO%5Cu2010induced%20CPO.%20Using%20strain%20rates%20appropriate%20for%20arc%20settings%2C%20we%20calculate%20a%20strength%20profile%20for%20the%20lithosphere%20and%20argue%20that%20the%20deepest%20arclogite%20textures%20are%20consistent%20with%20lithospheric%20foundering%20through%20ductile%20deformation%20under%20high%20shear%20strain%20%2810%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu221214%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu201310%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu221212%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29.%20Our%20study%20shows%20that%20there%20is%20a%20high%20degree%20of%20shear%20strain%20localization%20in%20deep%20arc%20roots%20while%20shallower%20portions%20are%20relatively%20undeformed.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Earth%27s%20crust%20regularly%20goes%20through%20cycles%20of%20foundering%2C%20whereby%20dense%20parts%20of%20the%20deep%20crust%20sink%20back%20into%20the%20Earth%27s%20interior.%20This%20process%20modifies%20the%20average%20composition%20of%20the%20crust%20and%20is%20important%20to%20understand%20how%20our%20planet%20formed%20continents%20over%20time.%20In%20order%20to%20investigate%20the%20deformation%20patterns%20of%20a%20dripping%20crustal%20root%2C%20we%20study%20mineral%20orientations%20and%20textures%20in%2016%20crustal%20rocks%20brought%20up%20to%20the%20surface%20by%20volcanoes%20in%20Arizona.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20shallowest%20%28%5Cu223c30%5Cu00a0km%29%20rocks%20preserve%20the%20layered%20texture%20expected%20for%20a%20stable%20crust%2C%20while%20the%20deeper%20%28%5Cu223c80%5Cu00a0km%29%20rocks%20developed%20textures%20that%20indicate%20large%20amounts%20of%20deformation.%20With%20these%20findings%2C%20we%20propose%20that%20these%20samples%20are%20rare%20snapshots%20of%20a%20delamination%20process%20in%20action%2C%20whereby%20the%20deeper%20crust%20was%20being%20deformed%20during%20foundering%2C%20while%20the%20shallower%20crust%20was%20left%20relatively%20pristine.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Microstructures%20in%20arc%20cumulates%20record%20heterogenous%20strain%20distribution%20in%20the%20lithosphere%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Low%5Cu2010pressure%20arc%20cumulates%20from%20Arizona%20have%20a%20shape%20preferred%20orientation%20and%20high%5Cu2010pressure%20cumulates%20have%20a%20crystal%20preferred%20orientation%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20shape%20preferred%20orientation%20is%20an%20igneous%20texture%20and%20the%20crystal%20preferred%20orientation%20reflects%20deformation%20due%20to%20arc%20root%20foundering%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JB025661%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025661%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-13T21%3A39%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F6ZIZ5WM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernard%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Murphy%2C%20C.%20%282023%29.%20Melt-assisted%20deformation%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20an%20active%20plate%20boundary%2C%20Baja%20California.%20%3Ci%3ELithos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E438%26%23x2013%3B439%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20106975.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2022.106975%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2022.106975%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Melt-assisted%20deformation%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20an%20active%20plate%20boundary%2C%20Baja%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murphy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.lithos.2022.106975%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200244937%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS002449372200384X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T17%3A39%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GPZ2NCAJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jain%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJain%2C%20C.%2C%20Rozel%2C%20A.%20B.%2C%20van%20Hunen%2C%20J.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Manj%26%23xF3%3Bn-Cabeza%20C%26%23xF3%3Brdoba%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20Building%20archean%20cratonic%20roots.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20966397.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2022.966397%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2022.966397%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20archean%20cratonic%20roots%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charitra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antoine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rozel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeroen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Hunen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manj%5Cu00f3n-Cabeza%20C%5Cu00f3rdoba%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Geophysical%2C%20geochemical%2C%20and%20geological%20investigations%20have%20attributed%20the%20stable%20behaviour%20of%20Earth%5Cu2019s%20continents%20to%20the%20presence%20of%20their%20Archean%20cratonic%20roots.%20These%20roots%20are%20likely%20composed%20of%20melt-depleted%2C%20low%20density%20residual%20peridotite%20with%20high%20magnesium%20number%20%28Mg%23%29%2C%20while%20devolatilisation%20from%20the%20upper%20mantle%20during%20magmatic%20events%20might%20have%20made%20these%20roots%20more%20viscous%20and%20intrinsically%20stronger%20than%20the%20convecting%20mantle.%20Several%20conceptual%20dynamic%20and%20petrological%20models%20of%20craton%20formation%20have%20been%20proposed.%20Dynamic%20models%20invoke%20far-field%20shortening%20or%20mantle%20melting%20events%2C%20e.g.%2C%20by%20mantle%20plumes%2C%20to%20create%20melt-depleted%20and%20thick%20cratons.%20Compositional%20buoyancy%20and%20rheological%20modifications%20have%20also%20been%20invoked%20to%20create%20long-lived%20stable%20cratonic%20lithosphere.%20However%2C%20these%20conceptual%20models%20have%20not%20been%20tested%20in%20a%20dynamically%20self-consistent%20model.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20present%20global%20thermochemical%20models%20of%20craton%20formation%20with%20coupled%20core-mantle-crust%20evolution%20driven%20entirely%20by%20gravitational%20forces.%20Our%20results%20with%20melting%20and%20crustal%20production%20%28both%20oceanic%20and%20continental%29%20show%20that%20formation%20of%20cratonic%20roots%20can%20occur%20through%20naturally%20occurring%20lateral%20compression%20and%20thickening%20of%20the%20lithosphere%20in%20a%20self-consistent%20manner%2C%20without%20the%20need%20to%20invoke%20far-field%20tectonic%20forces.%20Plume%20impingements%2C%20and%20gravitational%20sliding%20creates%20thrusting%20of%20lithosphere%20to%20form%20thick%2C%20stable%2C%20and%20strong%20lithosphere%20that%20has%20a%20strong%20resemblance%20to%20the%20Archean%20cratons%20that%20we%20can%20still%20observe%20today%20at%20the%20Earth%5Cu2019s%20surface.%20These%20models%20also%20suggest%20the%20recycling%20of%20denser%20eclogitic%20crust%20by%20delamination%20and%20dripping%20processes.%20Within%20our%20computed%20parameter%20space%2C%20a%20variety%20of%20tectonic%20regimes%20are%20observed%20which%20also%20transition%20with%20time.%20Based%20on%20these%20results%2C%20we%20propose%20that%20a%20ridge-only%20regime%20or%20a%20sluggish-lid%20regime%20might%20have%20been%20active%20on%20Earth%20during%20the%20Archean%20Eon%20as%20they%20offer%20favourable%20dynamics%20and%20conditions%20for%20craton%20formation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2022.966397%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-6463%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2022.966397%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-09T23%3A33%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GL8JGXXQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20and%20Palin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Palin%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Water%20storage%20in%20cratonic%20mantle.%20%3Ci%3ETerra%20Nova%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2012.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fter.12599%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fter.12599%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Water%20storage%20in%20cratonic%20mantle%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Knowledge%20of%20the%20water%20capacity%20of%20the%20deep%20lithosphere%20is%20crucial%20for%20validating%20models%20of%20craton%20growth%20and%20for%20constraining%20solid%20earth%20volatile%20cycles%20over%20geologic%20time.%20However%2C%20experimental%20constraints%20on%20water%20solubility%20and%20partitioning%20often%20disagree%20with%20natural%20rock%20data.%20We%20present%20a%20bulk%20compositionally%20dependent%20model%20of%20water%20storage%20capacity%20in%20pyrolite%20over%20a%20range%20of%20lithospheric%20mantle%20pressures%20and%20temperatures.%20Models%20are%20compared%20against%20published%20xenolith%20nominally%20anhydrous%20mineral%20%28NAM%29%20water%20contents%2C%20which%20have%20been%20recalculated%20to%20reflect%20the%20last%20water%20content%20of%20the%20mantle%20lithosphere%20by%20using%20coexisting%20pyroxene%20water%20contents%20in%20the%20same%20samples.%20Our%20main%20findings%20are%20that%20%281%29%20regardless%20of%20tectonic%20setting%2C%20olivine%20records%20similar%20recalculated%20water%20contents%2C%20suggesting%20a%20common%20level%20of%20water%20undersaturation%20in%20the%20lithospheric%20mantle%2C%20and%20%282%29%20equilibrium%20water%20partitioning%20between%20clinopyroxene%20and%20orthopyroxene%20%28Dcpx%5C%2Fopx%29%20increases%20down-temperature.%20We%20propose%20these%20trends%20may%20be%20explained%20by%20re-hydration%5C%2Fre-fertilization%20of%20cratonic%20mantle%20early%20during%20coalescence%2C%20followed%20by%20cooling-induced%20water%20exsolution%20from%20orthopyroxene%20and%20garnet%20formation%20as%20cratons%20thicken%20and%20stabilize.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fter.12599%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220954-4879%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229LYAAAMN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Urann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EUrann%2C%20B.%20M.%2C%20Le%20Roux%2C%20V.%2C%20Jagoutz%2C%20O.%2C%20Muntener%2C%20O.%2C%20Behn%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20High%20water%20content%20of%20arc%20magmas%20recorded%20in%20cumulates%20from%20subduction%20zone%20lower%20crust.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Geoscience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-00947-w%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-00947-w%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22High%20water%20content%20of%20arc%20magmas%20recorded%20in%20cumulates%20from%20subduction%20zone%20lower%20crust%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Urann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jagoutz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muntener%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Behn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20water%20content%20of%20arc%20magmas%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20can%20reach%20up%20to%2020%20wt%25%20during%20crystallization%2C%20according%20to%20geochemical%20analyses%20of%20minerals%20from%20the%20Kohistan%20palaeo-arc%2C%20Pakistan%2C%20underscoring%20the%20role%20of%20water%20in%20porphyry%20deposits%20formation.%20Magmatic%20volatiles%20%28for%20example%2C%20water%29%20are%20abundant%20in%20arc%20melts%20and%20exert%20fundamental%20controls%20on%20magma%20evolution%2C%20eruption%20dynamics%20and%20the%20formation%20of%20economic%20ore%20deposits.%20To%20constrain%20the%20H2O%20content%20of%20arc%20magmas%2C%20most%20studies%20have%20relied%20on%20measuring%20extrusive%20products%20and%20mineral-hosted%20melt%20inclusions.%20However%2C%20these%20methods%20have%20inherent%20limitations%20that%20obfuscate%20the%20full%20range%20of%20H2O%20in%20arc%20magmas.%20Here%2C%20we%20report%20secondary-ion%20mass%20spectrometry%20measurements%20of%20volatile%20%28H2O%2C%20F%2C%20P%2C%20S%2C%20Cl%29%20abundances%20in%20lower-crustal%20cumulate%20minerals%20from%20the%20Kohistan%20palaeo-arc%20%28northwestern%20Pakistan%29%20and%20determine%20H2O%20abundances%20of%20melts%20from%20which%20the%20cumulates%20crystallized.%20Pyroxenes%20retained%20magmatic%20H2O%20abundances%20and%20record%20damp%20%28less%20than%201%20wt%25%20H2O%29%20to%20hydrous%20%28up%20to%2010%20wt%25%20H2O%29%20primitive%20melts.%20Subsequent%20crystal%20fractionation%20led%20to%20formation%20of%20super-hydrous%20melts%20with%20approximately%2012-20%20wt%25%20H2O%2C%20predicted%20petrologically%20yet%20virtually%20absent%20from%20the%20melt-inclusion%20record.%20Porphyry%20copper%20deposits%20are%20probably%20a%20natural%20eventuality%20of%20fluid%20exsolution%20from%20super-hydrous%20melts%2C%20corroborating%20a%20growing%20body%20of%20evidence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-00947-w%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221752-0894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22REDDD3H7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zuo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZuo%2C%20J.%2C%20Webb%2C%20A.%20A.%20G.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Ackerman%2C%20L.%2C%20Harvey%2C%20J.%2C%20Haproff%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20M%26%23xFC%3Bller%2C%20T.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Q.%2C%20Hickman%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20Sorger%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ram%26%23xED%3Brez%26%23x2010%3BSalazar%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20Earth%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Earliest%20Phaneritic%20Ultramafic%20Rocks%3A%20Mantle%20Slices%20or%20Crustal%20Cumulates%3F%20%3Ci%3EGeochemistry%2C%20Geophysics%2C%20Geosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GC010519%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GC010519%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Earth%27s%20Earliest%20Phaneritic%20Ultramafic%20Rocks%3A%20Mantle%20Slices%20or%20Crustal%20Cumulates%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiawei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zuo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Alexander%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luk%5Cu00e1%5Cu0161%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackerman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harvey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haproff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hickman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sorger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ram%5Cu00edrez%5Cu2010Salazar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022GC010519%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221525-2027%2C%201525-2027%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GC010519%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-20T15%3A13%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q9YT4F43%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Chilson-Parks%2C%20B.%2C%20Boneh%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hirth%2C%20G.%2C%20Saal%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Hearn%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hauri%2C%20E.%20H.%20%282021%29.%20The%20peridotite%20deformation%20cycle%20in%20cratons%20and%20the%20deep%20impact%20of%20subduction.%20%3Ci%3ETectonophysics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E817%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2021.229029%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2021.229029%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20peridotite%20deformation%20cycle%20in%20cratons%20and%20the%20deep%20impact%20of%20subduction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chilson-Parks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boneh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hearn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hauri%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Xenoliths%20play%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20interpretation%20of%20mantle%20deformation%20and%20geochemistry.%20The%20classic%20work%20of%20Mercier%20and%20Nicolas%20%281975%29%20introduced%20the%20concept%20of%20the%20peridotite%20deformation%20cycle%2C%20which%20connected%20observed%20microstructures%20to%20a%20physical%20sequence%20of%20deformation.%20We%20revisit%20Mercier%20and%20Nicolas%27%20original%20concept%2C%20bringing%20in%20new%20constraints%20using%20large%20area%20EBSD%20maps%20and%20associated%20microstructural%20datasets%2C%20analysis%20of%20water%20contents%20in%20nominally%20anhydrous%20minerals%2C%20and%20trace%20element%20chemistry%20of%20pyroxenes%20and%20garnets.%20We%20apply%20these%20techniques%20to%20a%20well-characterized%20suite%20of%20peridotite%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Eocene-age%20Homestead%20and%20Williams%20kimberlites%20in%20the%20northwestern%20Wyoming%20Craton.%20Pyroxene%20water%20content%20and%20trace%20element%20mineral%20chemistries%20reveal%20ubiquitous%20hydrous%20metasomatism%20beneath%20the%20craton%2C%20most%20likely%20linked%20to%20the%20Cenozoic%20Laramide%20Orogeny.%20Homestead%20xenoliths%20primarily%20exhibit%20coarse%20protogranular%20and%20equigranular%20textures%2C%20B-type%20olivine%20fabrics%2C%20and%20generally%20elevated%20mineral%20water%20contents%20compared%20to%20Williams.%20Xenoliths%20from%20Williams%20are%20strongly%20deformed%2C%20with%20porphyroclastic%20and%20transitional%20textures%20containing%20annealed%20olivine%20tablets%2C%20mostly%20A-type%20olivine%20fabrics%2C%20and%20generally%20lower%20mineral%20water%20contents.%20As%20a%20whole%2C%20mantle%20from%20Homestead%20to%20Williams%20reflects%20a%20cratonic%20scale%20deformation%20cycle%20that%20likely%20initiated%20in%20Laramide%20times%20and%20lasted%20until%20the%20end%20of%20orogeny%20in%20the%20Eocene.%20At%20Williams%2C%20evidence%20for%20a%20rapid%20deformation%20%5C%22sub-cycle%5C%22%20within%20the%20main%20deformation%20cycle%20is%20preserved%20in%20the%20tablet-bearing%20xenoliths%2C%20corresponding%20to%20the%20enigmatic%20%5C%22transitional%5C%22%20texture%20of%20Mereier%20and%20Nicolas%20%281975%29.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20this%20texture%20reflects%20interruption%20of%20the%20main%20deformation%20cycle%20by%20processes%20possibly%20related%20to%20a%20rapidly%20forming%20lithospheric%20instability%20and%20generation%20of%20the%20kimberlite%20magma%20-%20offering%20a%20new%20interpretation%20of%20this%20ambiguous%20peridotite%20texture.%20Collectively%2C%20our%20results%20incorporate%20typically%20disparate%20geochemical%20and%20textural%20datasets%20on%20xenoliths%20to%20shed%20new%20insights%20into%20how%20metasomatism%2C%20volatiles%2C%20and%20deformation%20are%20connected%20in%20the%20deep%20cratonic%20lithosphere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2021.229029%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220040-1951%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X2N2KS9B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boneh%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoneh%2C%20Y.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hirth%2C%20G.%20%282021%29.%20Microstructural%20analysis%20of%20a%20mylonitic%20mantle%20xenolith%20sheared%20at%20laboratory-like%20strain%20rates%20from%20the%20edge%20of%20the%20Wyoming%20craton.%20%3Ci%3EMinerals%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%2018.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmin11090995%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmin11090995%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microstructural%20analysis%20of%20a%20mylonitic%20mantle%20xenolith%20sheared%20at%20laboratory-like%20strain%20rates%20from%20the%20edge%20of%20the%20Wyoming%20craton%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boneh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirth%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Combined%20observations%20from%20natural%20and%20experimental%20deformation%20microstructures%20are%20often%20used%20to%20constrain%20the%20rheological%20properties%20of%20the%20upper%20mantle.%20However%2C%20relating%20natural%20and%20experimental%20deformation%20processes%20typically%20requires%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20extrapolation%20in%20strain%20rate%20due%20to%20vastly%20different%20time%20scales%20between%20nature%20and%20the%20lab.%20We%20examined%20a%20sheared%20peridotite%20xenolith%20that%20was%20deformed%20under%20strain%20rates%20comparable%20to%20laboratory%20shearing%20time%20scales.%20Microstructure%20analysis%20using%20an%20optical%20microscope%20and%20electron%20backscatter%20diffraction%20%28EBSD%29%20was%20done%20to%20characterize%20the%20bulk%20crystallographic%20preferred%20orientation%20%28CPO%29%2C%20intragrain%20misorientations%2C%20subgrain%20boundaries%2C%20and%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20grains.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20microstructure%20varied%20between%20monophase%20%28olivine%29%20and%20multiphase%20%28i.e.%2C%20olivine%2C%20pyroxene%2C%20and%20garnet%29%20bands.%20Olivine%20grains%20in%20the%20monophase%20bands%20had%20stronger%20CPO%2C%20larger%20grain%20size%2C%20and%20higher%20internal%20misorientations%20compared%20with%20olivine%20grains%20in%20the%20multiphase%20bands.%20The%20bulk%20olivine%20CPO%20suggests%20a%20dominant%20%28010%29%5B100%5D%20and%20secondary%20activated%20%28001%29%5B100%5D%20that%20are%20consistent%20with%20the%20experimentally%20observed%20transition%20of%20the%20A%20to%20E-types.%20The%20bulk%20CPO%20and%20intragrain%20misorientations%20of%20olivine%20and%20orthopyroxene%20suggest%20that%20a%20coarser-grained%20initial%20fabric%20was%20deformed%20by%20dislocation%20creep%20coeval%20with%20the%20reduction%20of%20grain%20size%20due%20to%20dynamic%20recrystallization.%20Comparing%20the%20deformation%20mechanisms%20inferred%20from%20the%20microstructure%20with%20experimental%20flow%20laws%20indicates%20that%20the%20reduction%20of%20grain%20size%20in%20orthopyroxene%20promotes%20activation%20of%20diffusion%20creep%20and%20suggests%20a%20high%20activation%20volume%20for%20wet%20orthopyroxene%20dislocation%20creep.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fmin11090995%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KANSMSXC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boneh%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoneh%2C%20Y.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Chilson-Parks%2C%20B.%20H.%2C%20Saal%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Hauri%2C%20E.%20H.%2C%20Hearn%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hirth%2C%20G.%20%282021%29.%20Microstructural%20shift%20due%20to%20post-deformation%20annealing%20in%20the%20upper%20mantle.%20%3Ci%3EGeochemistry%20Geophysics%20Geosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gc009377%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gc009377%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microstructural%20shift%20due%20to%20post-deformation%20annealing%20in%20the%20upper%20mantle%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boneh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chilson-Parks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hauri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hearn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirth%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Syntectonic%20microstructural%20evolution%20is%20a%20well-known%20phenomenon%20in%20the%20mantle%20and%20lower%20crust%20associated%20with%20two%20main%20processes%3A%20grain%20size%20reduction%20through%20dynamic%20recrystallization%20and%20development%20of%20crystallographic%20preferred%20orientation%20%28CPO%29.%20However%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20annealing%20via%20static%20recrystallization%20on%20grain%20size%20and%20CPO%20have%20been%20largely%20overlooked.%20We%20investigated%20mantle%20annealing%20by%20analyzing%20a%20suite%20of%20kimberlite-hosted%20garnet%20peridotite%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Wyoming%20Craton.%20We%20focus%20on%20five%20xenoliths%20that%20show%20microstructures%20reflecting%20different%20degrees%20of%20recrystallization%2C%20with%20annealed%20grains%20characterized%20by%20distinctive%20faceted%20boundaries%20crosscutting%20surrounding%2C%20nonfaceted%20matrix%20grains.%20These%20textures%20are%20indicative%20of%20discontinuous%20static%20recrystallization%20%28DiSRX%29.%20Electron%20backscatter%20diffraction%20analysis%20further%20demonstrates%20a%20similar%20to%2010%20degrees-20%20degrees%20misorientation%20between%20DiSRXed%20grains%20and%20the%20matrix%20grains%2C%20resulting%20in%20an%20overall%20weaker%20CPO.%20These%20characteristics%20are%20remarkably%20similar%20to%20microstructures%20observed%20in%20samples%20that%20were%20annealed%20after%20deformation%20in%20the%20laboratory.%20Measurements%20of%20the%20thermal%20conditions%20and%20water%20contents%20associated%20with%20the%20last%20equilibration%20of%20the%20xenoliths%20suggests%20that%20high%20homologous%20temperatures%20%28T%5C%2FT-m%20%3E%200.9%29%20are%20necessary%20to%20induce%20DiSRX.%20We%20postulate%20that%20annealing%20through%20DiSRX%20occurs%20under%20high%20temperatures%20after%20a%20short%20episode%20of%20intense%20deformation%20%28years%20to%20hundreds%20of%20years%29%20with%20timescales%20for%20annealing%20estimated%20as%20weeks%20to%20years%2C%20significantly%20slower%20than%20the%20timescale%20of%20hours%20expected%20for%20a%20kimberlitic%20magma%20ascent.%20We%20conclude%20that%20microstructural%20transformation%20due%20to%20DiSRX%20will%20occur%20during%20transient%20heating%20events%20associated%20with%20mantle%20upwelling%2C%20plumes%2C%20and%20lithospheric%20thinning.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020gc009377%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P9APQQUG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mallik%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMallik%2C%20A.%2C%20Lambart%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Tracking%20the%20Evolution%20of%20Magmas%20from%20Heterogeneous%20Mantle%20Sources%20to%20Eruption.%20In%20H.%20Marquardt%2C%20M.%20Ballmer%2C%20S.%20Cottaar%2C%20%26amp%3B%20J.%20Konter%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Monograph%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%281st%20ed.%2C%20pp.%20151%26%23x2013%3B177%29.%20Wiley.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F9781119528609.ch6%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tracking%20the%20Evolution%20of%20Magmas%20from%20Heterogeneous%20Mantle%20Sources%20to%20Eruption%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hauke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marquardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cottaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Konter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ananya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mallik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Geophysical%20Monograph%20Series%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-119-52861-6%20978-1-119-52860-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F9781119528609.ch6%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-02T18%3A05%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NIFFV44%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Soustelle%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Liu%2C%20Y.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20An%20SPO-induced%20CPO%20in%20composite%20mantle%20xenoliths%20correlated%20with%20increasing%20melt-rock%20interaction.%20%3Ci%3EGeochimica%20Et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E278%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20199%26%23x2013%3B218.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.gca.2019.10.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.gca.2019.10.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20SPO-induced%20CPO%20in%20composite%20mantle%20xenoliths%20correlated%20with%20increasing%20melt-rock%20interaction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soustelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Melt-rock%20interaction%2C%20a%20general%20term%20describing%20various%20processes%20including%20cryptic%20and%20modal%20metasomatism%20and%20meltrock%20reaction%2C%20is%20the%20main%20process%20responsible%20for%20modifying%20chemical%20composition%20of%20previously%20melt-depleted%20mantle%20peridotite.%20However%2C%20the%20underlying%20mechanisms%20of%20melt-rock%20interaction%20and%20its%20effect%20on%20mantle%20rheology%2C%20particularly%20in%20natural%20peridotites%2C%20is%20poorly%20constrained.%20Composite%20xenoliths%20are%20natural%20examples%20of%20melt-rock%20interaction%20as%20they%20contain%20pyroxenitic%20veins%20interpreted%20as%20evidence%20of%20passage%20of%20melt%20through%20peridotite%20at%20high%20pressures.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20new%20mineral%20chemistry%20%28major%2C%20trace%20element%2C%20and%20water%20contents%20of%20olivine%20and%20pyroxenes%29%20and%20microstructural%20data%20on%20a%20suite%20of%20composite%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Neogene%20Hannuoba%20basalt%2C%20North%20China%20Craton.%20We%20show%20that%20despite%20having%20experienced%20high%20melt%5C%2Frock%20ratios%2C%20olivines%20and%20pyroxenes%20contain%20very%20low%20water%20contents%20%28%3C10%20ppm%20and%20%3C100%20ppm%2C%20respectively%29.%20In%20contrast%2C%20melts%20calculated%20to%20be%20in%20equilibrium%20with%20clinopyroxene%20show%20enriched%20trace%20element%20signatures%20suggesting%20the%20infiltrating%20melt%20had%20a%20crustal%20origin.%20Microstructural%20data%20corroborate%20a%20key%20role%20for%20melt%20infiltration%20in%20causing%20a%20systematic%20shift%20in%20olivine%20crystallographic%20preferred%20orientation%20%28CPO%29%20from%20initially%20A-type%20to%20AG-type%20with%20increasing%20melt%5C%2Frock%20ratio.%20By%20describing%20the%20olivine%20grain%20shape%20with%20respect%20to%20the%20crystal%20reference%20frame%2C%20we%20show%20that%20as%20pyroxene%20mode%20%28and%20hence%20melt%5C%2Frock%20ratio%29%20increases%2C%20olivine%20grains%20appear%20to%20rotate%20with%20their%20flattest%20%280%201%200%29%20faces%20aligning%20with%20the%20melt%20flow%20plane%2C%20resulting%20in%20an%20olivine%20CPO%20controlled%20by%20its%20shape-preferred%20orientation%20%28SPO%29.%20Previously%2C%20such%20an%20SPO-induced%20CPO%20was%20only%20demonstrated%20in%20shallow%20magmatic%20environments%20such%20as%20mafic%20intrusions%2C%20in%20mafic%20lavas%2C%20and%20in%20high-pressure%5C%2Fhigh-temperature%20experiments.%20Such%20a%20finding%20in%20the%20deep%20lithosphere%20is%20important%20as%20it%20suggests%20that%20dislocation%20creep%20may%20not%20always%20play%20a%20major%20role%20in%20CPO%20development%2C%20particularly%20when%20melt%20is%20involved.%20%28C%29%202019%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.gca.2019.10.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220016-7037%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R233IRBF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20Erdman%2C%20M.%2C%20Yang%2C%20W.%20B.%2C%20Ingram%2C%20L.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20DePaolo%2C%20D.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20Sulfur%20isotopic%20compositions%20of%20deep%20arc%20cumulates.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E500%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2076%26%23x2013%3B85.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2018.08.017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2018.08.017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sulfur%20isotopic%20compositions%20of%20deep%20arc%20cumulates%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erdman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ingram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DePaolo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Heavy%20sulfur%20isotopic%20compositions%20of%20arc%20lavas%20suggest%20a%20seawater%20component%20in%20the%20sulfur%20budget%20of%20arc%20lavas%2C%20but%20whether%20the%20seawater%20signature%20derives%20from%20the%20subducting%20slab%20or%20from%20magma%20interactions%20with%20lithologies%20in%20the%20upper%20plate%20is%20unclear.%20To%20see%20through%20the%20effects%20of%20degassing%20or%20crustal%20processing%2C%20a%20study%20was%20conducted%20on%20the%20S%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20deep%20arc%20cumulates%20from%2045-90%20km%20beneath%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%20batholith%20in%20California%2C%20a%20Cretaceous%20continental%20arc.%20These%20cumulates%20represent%20the%20crystal%20line%20of%20descent%20from%20magmatic%20differentiation%20of%20hydrous%20arc%20basalts.%20The%20deepest%20%28up%20to%2060-90%20km%29%20and%20most%20primitive%20cumulates%20are%20low%20in%20Fe%20and%20have%20high%20molar%20Mg%5C%2F%28Mg%20%2B%20Fe%29%2C%20whereas%20the%20shallow%20and%20more%20evolved%20cumulates%20are%20high%20in%20Fe%20and%20have%20low%20Mg%5C%2F%28Mg%20%2B%20Fe%29.%20Bulk%20rock%20%28delta%20S-34%20correlates%20with%20Fe%20and%20negatively%20with%20Mg%5C%2F%28Mg%20%2B%20Fe%29.%20The%20most%20primitive%20cumulates%20are%20isotopically%20similar%20to%20the%20Earth%27s%20mantle%20whereas%20the%20more%20evolved%20cumulates%20are%20heavier%20by%206%25o%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20seawater%20sulfate.%20The%20mantle-like%20S%20isotopic%20signatures%20of%20the%20primitive%20cumulates%20indicate%20that%20the%20contribution%20of%20slab%20derived%20sulfate%20to%20arc%20lavas%20may%20not%20be%20as%20large%20as%20widely%20thought.%20Heavy%20S%20isotopic%20signatures%20are%20seen%20only%20in%20the%20evolved%20arc%20cumulates%2C%20which%20suggests%20that%20the%20seawater%20signature%20of%20arc%20lavas%20may%20not%20all%20derive%20directly%20from%20the%20slab%2C%20but%20perhaps%20during%20magma%20interaction%20with%20pre-arc%20crust.%20In%20continental%20arcs%2C%20pre-arc%20crust%20is%20dominated%20by%20accreted%20marine%20metasediments%20and%20metabasalts%2C%20and%20in%20island%20arcs%2C%20by%20seawater%20altered%20oceanic%20crust%20in%20the%20upper%20plate.%20The%20limited%20contribution%20of%20slab%20sulfate%20to%20the%20mantle%20source%20of%20Sierran%20arc%20magmas%2C%20if%20generalizable%2C%20suggests%20that%20sulfate%20in%20the%20subducting%20slab%20is%20efficiently%20released%20well%20before%20the%20arc%20magmatic%20front.%20Such%20a%20scenario%20would%20be%20consistent%20with%20the%20higher%20solubility%20of%20sulfate%20in%20aqueous%20fluids%20compared%20to%20that%20of%20sulfide.%20In%20summary%2C%20it%20is%20suggested%20here%20that%20the%20upper%20plate%2C%20in%20the%20form%20of%20seawater%20altered%20crust%20and%20sediments%2C%20may%20be%20as%20or%20more%20important%20for%20the%20sulfur%20budget%20in%20arc%20magmas%20than%20the%20subducting%20slab.%20Early%20loss%20of%20sulfate%20from%20the%20slab%20during%20subduction%20suggests%20that%20the%20dominant%20S%20species%20transported%20to%20the%20deep%20mantle%20is%20in%20the%20reduced%20form%20-%20sulfide.%20%28C%29%202018%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2018.08.017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UCHIPTP3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20Deep%20crustal%20cumulates%20reflect%20patterns%20of%20continental%20rift%20volcanism%20beneath%20Tanzania.%20%3Ci%3EContributions%20to%20Mineralogy%20and%20Petrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E173%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00410-018-1512-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00410-018-1512-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deep%20crustal%20cumulates%20reflect%20patterns%20of%20continental%20rift%20volcanism%20beneath%20Tanzania%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Magmatism%20on%20Earth%20is%20most%20abundantly%20expressed%20by%20surface%20volcanic%20activity%2C%20but%20all%20volcanism%20has%20roots%20deep%20in%20the%20crust%2C%20lithosphere%2C%20and%20mantle.%20Intraplate%20magmatism%2C%20in%20particular%2C%20has%20remained%20enigmatic%20as%20the%20plate%20tectonic%20paradigm%20cannot%20easily%20explain%20phenomena%20such%20as%20large%20flood%20basalt%20provinces%20and%20lithospheric%20rupture%20within%20continental%20interiors.%20Here%2C%20I%20explore%20the%20role%20of%20deep%20crustal%20magmatic%20processes%20and%20their%20connection%20to%20continental%20rift%20volcanism%20as%20recorded%20in%20deep%20crustal%20xenoliths%20from%20northern%20Tanzania.%20The%20xenoliths%20are%20interpreted%20as%20magmatic%20cumulates%20related%20to%20Cenozoic%20rift%20volcanism%2C%20based%20on%20their%20undeformed%2C%20cumulate%20textures%20and%20whole-rock%20compositions%20distinct%20from%20melt-reacted%20peridotites.%20The%20cumulates%20define%20linear%20trends%20in%20terms%20of%20whole-rock%20major%20elements%20and%20mineralogically%2C%20can%20be%20represented%20as%20mixtures%20of%20olivine%2Bclinopyroxene.%20AlphaMELTS%20modeling%20of%20geologically%20plausible%20parental%20melts%20shows%20that%20the%20end-member%20cumulates%2C%20clinopyroxenite%20and%20Fe-rich%20dunite%2C%20require%20fractionation%20from%20two%20distinct%20melts%3A%20a%20strongly%20diopside-normative%20melt%20and%20a%20fractionated%20picritic%20melt%2C%20respectively.%20The%20former%20can%20be%20linked%20to%20the%20earliest%2C%20strongly%20silica-undersaturated%20rift%20lavas%20sourced%20from%20melting%20of%20metasomatized%20lithosphere%2C%20whereas%20the%20latter%20is%20linked%20to%20the%20increasing%20contribution%20from%20the%20upwelling%20asthenospheric%20plume%20beneath%20East%20Africa.%20Thus%2C%20deep%20crustal%20cumulate%20systematics%20reflect%20temporal%20and%20compositional%20trends%20in%20rift%20volcanism%2C%20and%20show%20that%20mixing%2C%20required%20by%20the%20geochemistry%20of%20many%20rift%20lava%20suites%2C%20is%20also%20mirrored%20in%20the%20lavas%27%20cumulates.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00410-018-1512-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220010-7999%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TF8JVEYJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Shimizu%2C%20K.%2C%20Bybee%2C%20G.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Erdman%2C%20M.%20E.%20%282018%29.%20On%20the%20development%20of%20the%20calc-alkaline%20and%20tholeiitic%20magma%20series%3A%20A%20deep%20crustal%20cumulate%20perspective.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E482%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20277%26%23x2013%3B287.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2017.11.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2017.11.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20development%20of%20the%20calc-alkaline%20and%20tholeiitic%20magma%20series%3A%20A%20deep%20crustal%20cumulate%20perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shimizu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bybee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erdman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Two%20distinct%20igneous%20differentiation%20trends%20-%20the%20tholeiitic%20and%20calc-alkaline%20-%20give%20rise%20to%20Earth%27s%20oceanic%20and%20continental%20crust%2C%20respectively.%20Mantle%20melting%20at%20mid-ocean%20ridges%20produces%20dry%20magmas%20that%20differentiate%20at%20low-pressure%20conditions%2C%20resulting%20in%20early%20plagioclase%20saturation%2C%20late%20oxide%20precipitation%2C%20and%20Fe-enrichment%20in%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20basalts%20%28MORBs%29.%20In%20contrast%2C%20magmas%20formed%20above%20subduction%20zones%20are%20Fe-depleted%2C%20have%20elevated%20water%20contents%20and%20are%20more%20oxidized%20relative%20to%20MORBs.%20It%20is%20widely%20thought%20that%20subduction%20of%20hydrothermally%20altered%2C%20oxidized%20oceanic%20crust%20at%20convergent%20margins%20oxidizes%20the%20mantle%20source%20of%20arc%20magmas%2C%20resulting%20in%20erupted%20lavas%20that%20inherit%20this%20oxidized%20signature.%20Yet%2C%20because%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20calc-alkaline%20and%20tholeiitic%20trends%20largely%20comes%20from%20studies%20of%20erupted%20melts%2C%20the%20signals%20from%20shallow%20crustal%20contamination%20by%20potentially%20oxidized%2C%20Si-rich%2C%20Fe-poor%20materials%2C%20which%20may%20also%20generate%20calc-alkaline%20rocks%2C%20are%20obscured.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%20deep%20crustal%20cumulates%20to%20%5C%22see%20through%5C%22%20the%20effects%20of%20shallow%20crustal%20processes.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20tholeiitic%20and%20calc-alkaline%20trends%20are%20indeed%20reflected%20in%20Fe-poor%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20cumulates%20and%20Fe-rich%20arc%20cumulates%2C%20respectively.%2CA%20key%20finding%20is%20that%20with%20increasing%20crustal%20thickness%2C%20arc%20cumulates%20become%20more%20Fe-enriched.%20We%20propose%20that%20the%20thickness%20of%20the%20overlying%20crustal%20column%20modulates%20the%20melting%20degree%20of%20the%20mantle%20wedge%20%28lower%20F%20beneath%20thick%20arcs%20and%20vice%20versa%29%20and%20thus%20water%20and%20Fe3%2B%20contents%20in%20primary%20melts%2C%20which%20subsequently%20controls%20the%20onset%20and%20extent%20of%20oxide%20fractionation.%20Deep%20crustal%20cumulates%20beneath%20thick%2C%20mature%20continental%20arcs%20are%20the%20most%20Fe-enriched%2C%20and%20therefore%20may%20be%20the%20%5C%22missing%5C%22%20Fe-rich%20reservoir%20required%20to%20balance%20the%20Fe-depleted%20upper%20continental%20crust.%20%28C%29%202017%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2017.11.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZPWA33MW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Soustelle%2C%20V.%2C%20Hirth%2C%20G.%2C%20Saal%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Kruckenberg%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Eiler%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Microstructural%20and%20geochemical%20constraints%20on%20the%20evolution%20of%20deep%20arc%20lithosphere.%20%3Ci%3EGeochemistry%20Geophysics%20Geosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%202497%26%23x2013%3B2521.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gc006156%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gc006156%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microstructural%20and%20geochemical%20constraints%20on%20the%20evolution%20of%20deep%20arc%20lithosphere%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soustelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kruckenberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eiler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mantle%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%2C%20California%2C%20USA%2C%20sampled%20a%20vertical%20column%20%2860-120%20km%29%20of%20lithosphere%20that%20formed%20during%20Mesozoic%20continental%20arc%20magmatism.%20This%20lithosphere%20experienced%20an%20anticlockwise%20P-T-t%20path%20resulting%20in%20rapid%20cooling%20that%20effectively%20quenched%20in%20features%20inherited%20from%20earlier%20high-temperature%20conditions.%20Here%20we%20combine%20new%20mineral%20chemistry%20data%20%28water%2C%20trace%20element%2C%20and%20major%20element%20concentrations%29%20with%20mineral%20crystallographic%20preferred%20orientations%20%28CPOs%29%20to%20investigate%20the%20relationship%20between%20melt%20infiltration%20and%20deformation.%20The%20peridotites%20record%20a%20refertilization%20trend%20with%20increasing%20depth%2C%20starting%20from%20shallow%2C%20coarse-protogranular%2C%20less-melt-infiltrated%20spinel%20peridotite%20with%20strong%2C%20orthorhombic%20olivine%20CPO%20to%20deep%2C%20fine-porphyroclastic%2C%20highly%20melt-infiltrated%20garnet%20peridotite%20with%20weak%2C%20axial-%5B010%5D%20olivine%20CPO.%20In%20contrast%20to%20the%20observed%20axial-%5B010%5D%20CPOs%2C%20subgrain%20boundary%20orientations%20and%20misorientation%20axes%20suggest%20the%20dominant%20activation%20of%20the%20%28001%29%5B100%5D%20slip%20system%2C%20suggesting%20deformation%20under%20moderately%20hydrous%20conditions.%20After%20accounting%20for%20effects%20of%20subsolidus%20cooling%2C%20we%20see%20coherent%20trends%20between%20mineral%20trace%20element%20abundance%20and%20water%20content%2C%20indicating%20that%20melt%20infiltration%20led%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20water%20content%20of%20the%20peridotites.%20However%2C%20measured%20olivine%20and%20pyroxene%20water%20contents%20in%20all%20peridotites%20%285-10%20and%2030-500%20wt%20ppm%2C%20respectively%29%20are%20lower%20than%20that%20required%20to%20promote%20dominant%20%28001%29%5B100%5D%20slip%20system%20observed%20in%20both%20natural%20and%20experimental%20samples.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20deformation%20occurred%20earlier%20along%20the%20P-T%20path%2C%20probably%20during%20or%20shortly%20after%20hydrous%20melt%20infiltration.%20Subsequent%20rapid%20cooling%20at%2090%20Ma%20led%20to%20water%20loss%20from%20olivine%20%28owing%20to%20decreased%20solubility%20at%20low%20temperature%29%2C%20leaving%20behind%20a%20deep%20arc%20lithosphere%20that%20remained%20viscously%20coupled%20to%20the%20Farallon%20slab%20until%20the%20opening%20of%20the%20slab%20window%20in%20the%20late%20Cenozoic.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jul%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015gc006156%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221525-2027%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XF7DQZ4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blichert-Toft%2C%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Growth%20of%20upper%20plate%20lithosphere%20controls%20tempo%20of%20arc%20magmatism%3A%20Constraints%20from%20Al-diffusion%20kinetics%20and%20coupled%20Lu-Hf%20and%20Sm-Nd%20chronology.%20%3Ci%3EGeochemical%20Perspectives%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%280%29%2C%2020%26%23x2013%3B32.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7185%5C%2Fgeochemlet.1503%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7185%5C%2Fgeochemlet.1503%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Growth%20of%20upper%20plate%20lithosphere%20controls%20tempo%20of%20arc%20magmatism%3A%20Constraints%20from%20Al-diffusion%20kinetics%20and%20coupled%20Lu-Hf%20and%20Sm-Nd%20chronology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blichert-Toft%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Most%20magmatism%20occurs%20at%20mid-ocean%20ridges%2C%20where%20plate%20divergence%20leads%20to%20decompression%20melting%20of%20the%20mantle%2C%20and%20at%20volcanic%20arcs%2C%20where%20subduction%20leads%20to%20volatile-assisted%20decompression%20melting%20in%20the%20hot%20mantle%20wedge.%20While%20plate%20spreading%20and%20subduction%20are%20continuous%2C%20arc%20magmatism%2C%20particularly%20in%20continental%20arcs%2C%20is%20characterised%20by%20%3E10-50%20Myr%20intervals%20of%20enhanced%20magmatic%20activity%20followed%20by%20rapid%20decline%20%28DeCelles%20et%20al.%29.%20In%20some%20cases%2C%20such%20as%20the%20Andes%2C%20this%20pattern%20has%20recurred%20several%20times%20%28Haschke%20et%20al.%2C%202002%29.%20Abrupt%20changes%20in%20plate%20convergence%20rates%20and%20direction%20%28Pilger%2C%201984%29%20or%20repeated%20steepening%20and%20shallowing%20of%20subducting%20slabs%20%28Kay%20and%20Coira%2C%202009%29%20have%20been%20suggested%20as%20triggering%20flare-ups%20or%20terminating%20magmatism%2C%20but%20such%20scenarios%20may%20not%20be%20sufficiently%20general.%20Here%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20thermal%20history%20of%20deep%20crustal%20and%20lithospheric%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Cretaceous%20Sierra%20Nevada%20batholith%2C%20California%20%28USA%29.%20The%20deepest%20samples%20%28~90%20km%29%2C%20garnet-bearing%20spinel%20peridotites%2C%20show%20cooling-related%20exsolution%20of%20garnet%20from%20high-Al%20pyroxenes%20originally%20formed%20at%20%3E1275%20%5Cu00b0C.%20Modelling%20of%20pyroxene%20Al%20diffusion%20profiles%20requires%20rapid%20cooling%20from%201275%20to%20750%20%5Cu00b0C%20within%20~10%20Myr.%20Also%20suggesting%20deep-seated%2C%20rapid%20cooling%20is%20a%20garnet%20websterite%20from%20~90%20km%20depth%20with%20nearly%20identical%20Lu-Hf%20%2892.6%20%5Cu00b1%201.6%20Ma%29%20and%20Sm-Nd%20%2888.8%20%5Cu00b1%203.1%20Ma%29%20isochron%20ages%20to%20within%20error.%20Thermal%20modelling%20shows%20that%20this%20cooling%20history%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20impingement%20of%20the%20base%20of%20the%20Sierran%20lithosphere%20against%20a%20cold%20subducting%20slab%20at%20~90%20km%20depth%2C%20precluding%20cooling%20by%20shallowing%20subduction.%20Rather%2C%20the%20coincidence%20of%20the%20radiometric%20ages%20with%20the%20magmatic%20flare-up%20%28120-80%20Ma%29%20suggests%20that%20the%20hot%20mantle%20wedge%20above%20the%20subducting%20slab%20may%20have%20been%20pinched%20out%20by%20magmatic%20%28%5Cu00b1%20tectonic%29%20thickening%20of%20the%20upper%20plate%2C%20eventually%20terminating%20mantle%20melting.%20Magmatic%20flare-ups%20in%20continental%20arcs%20are%20thus%20self-limiting%2C%20which%20explains%20why%20continental%20arc%20magmatism%20occurs%20in%20narrow%20time%20intervals.%20Convective%20removal%20of%20the%20deep%20arc%20lithosphere%20can%20initiate%20another%20magmatic%20cycle.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7185%5C%2Fgeochemlet.1503%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PKUXHKJM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20and%20Chin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.-T.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Calculating%20melting%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20of%20peridotite%20protoliths%3A%20Implications%20for%20the%20origin%20of%20cratonic%20mantle.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E403%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20273%26%23x2013%3B286.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.06.048%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.06.048%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Calculating%20melting%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20of%20peridotite%20protoliths%3A%20Implications%20for%20the%20origin%20of%20cratonic%20mantle%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cin-Ty%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20old%2C%20stable%20cores%20of%20continents%20%5Cu2013%20cratons%20%5Cu2013%20are%20underlain%20by%20thick%20and%20cold%20mantle%20keels%2C%20composed%20of%20melt-depleted%20and%20low%20density%20peridotite%20residues.%20The%20origins%20of%20these%20thick%20keels%20are%20debated.%20Were%20these%20thick%20keels%20formed%20in%20situ%2C%20by%20orogenic%20thickening%2C%20or%20by%20underplating%20of%20buoyant%20residual%20mantle%3F%20Key%20to%20this%20debate%20is%20determining%20the%20temperature%20and%20pressure%20at%20which%20the%20protoliths%20of%20cratonic%20peridotites%20melted%20%28igneous%20protolith%20conditions%29%20and%20comparing%20to%20their%20metamorphic%20%28subsolidus%29%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20within%20the%20keel.%20This%20paper%20presents%20a%20method%20for%20explicit%20calculation%20of%20the%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20at%20which%20the%20peridotite%20protoliths%20melted.%20The%20approach%20relies%20only%20on%20the%20bulk%20FeO%20and%20MgO%20of%20residual%20peridotites.%20A%20system%20of%20equations%20consisting%20of%20mass%20balance%20and%20new%20calibrations%20of%20Mg%20peridotite%5C%2Fmelt%20partitioning%20and%20melt%20productivity%20is%20then%20solved%20simultaneously.%20The%20igneous%20protoliths%20of%20abyssal%20peridotites%20are%20found%20to%20have%20melted%20at%20effective%20pressures%20of%201%5Cu20132%20GPa%20and%20temperatures%20of%201300%5Cu20131400%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%2C%20within%20error%20of%20the%20magmatic%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20of%20melt%20extraction%20inferred%20independently%20from%20the%20SiO2%20and%20MgO%20contents%20of%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20basalts.%20Archean%20cratonic%20peridotites%2C%20after%20filtering%20for%20the%20secondary%20effects%20of%20refertilization%20and%20orthopyroxene-metasomatism%2C%20give%20igneous%20protolith%20pressures%20and%20temperatures%20of%201%5Cu20135%20GPa%20%2830%5Cu2013150%20km%29%20and%201400%5Cu20131750%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%2C%20similar%20to%20magmatic%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20determined%20for%20Archean%20basalts%20thought%20to%20be%20representative%20of%20the%20thermal%20state%20of%20the%20Archean%20ambient%20mantle.%20Most%20importantly%2C%20cratonic%20peridotite%20protolith%20pressures%20and%20temperatures%20are%20shallower%20and%20hotter%20than%20their%20subsolidus%20equilibration%20pressures%20%283%5Cu20137.5%20GPa%3B%2090%5Cu2013200%20km%29%20and%20temperatures%20%28900%5Cu20131300%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29%2C%20which%20reflects%20the%20recent%20thermal%20state%20of%20the%20cratonic%20lithosphere.%20Specifically%2C%20for%20individual%20samples%20with%20both%20melting%20and%20subsolidus%20thermobarometric%20constraints%2C%20we%20find%20that%20subsolidus%20pressures%20are%201%5Cu20132%20GPa%20%2830%5Cu201360%20km%29%20higher%20than%20their%20igneous%20protolith%20pressures%20although%20some%20of%20the%20deepest%20samples%20experienced%20minor%20increases%20in%20pressure.%20Collectively%2C%20these%20results%20support%20the%20suggestion%20that%20the%20building%20blocks%20of%20cratons%20were%20generated%20by%20hot%20shallow%20melting%20with%20a%20mantle%20potential%20temperature%20200%5Cu2013300%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%20warmer%20than%20the%20present.%20This%20shallowly%20generated%20mantle%20was%20subsequently%20thickened%20during%20orogenic%20episodes%2C%20culminating%20in%20the%20formation%20of%20a%20thick%2C%20stable%20craton.%20Whether%20such%20thickening%20has%20any%20modern%20analogs%20cannot%20be%20answered%20from%20this%20work%20alone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.06.048%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LSCT9NKX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarnes%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Beltrando%2C%20M.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.-T.%20A.%2C%20Cisneros%2C%20M.%2C%20Loewy%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20%282014%29.%20Geochemistry%20of%20Alpine%20serpentinites%20from%20rifting%20to%20subduction%3A%20A%20view%20across%20paleogeographic%20domains%20and%20metamorphic%20grade.%20%3Ci%3EChemical%20Geology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E389%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2029%26%23x2013%3B47.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.chemgeo.2014.09.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.chemgeo.2014.09.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geochemistry%20of%20Alpine%20serpentinites%20from%20rifting%20to%20subduction%3A%20A%20view%20across%20paleogeographic%20domains%20and%20metamorphic%20grade%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beltrando%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cin-Ty%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miguel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cisneros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Staci%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loewy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Serpentinites%20from%20several%20tectono-metamorphic%20units%20of%20the%20Western%20Alps%20were%20studied%20to%20constrain%20their%20origin%20and%20tectonic%20setting%20of%20serpentinization.%20Study%20areas%20were%20selected%20to%20cover%20the%20whole%20width%20of%20the%20orogen%20and%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20metamorphic%20grades%20from%20anchizone%20%28Canavese%20Zone%29%20to%20greenschist%20facies%20%28St.%20Barthelemy%2C%20Piemonte%20Zone%29%20to%20blueschist%20facies%20%28Rocca%20Canavese%20unit%20and%20Punta%20Rossa%20unit%29.%20Bulk%20rock%20serpentinite%20samples%20have%20high%20REE%20concentrations%2C%20compared%20to%20typical%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20serpentinites%2C%20with%20nearly%20flat%20REE%20patterns.%20Relict%20spinels%20from%20the%20Rocca%20Canavese%20unit%20have%20extremely%20low%20Cr%23s%20%28average%20%3D%200.087%29%20and%20high%20Mg%23s%20%28average%20%3D%200.798%29%20suggesting%20very%20low%20degrees%20of%20melt%20depletion.%20Both%20of%20these%20observations%20are%20consistent%20with%20an%20abyssal%20origin%20in%20a%20hyper-extended%20rifted%20margin%20with%20minimal%20melt%20depletion%2C%20or%20refertilization.%20Seafloor%20hydration%20between%20150%20and%20200%20%5Cu00b0C%20is%20indicated%20by%20oxygen%20isotope%20data%20%28%5Cu03b418O%20values%20%3D%20%2B%205.2%20to%20%2B%209.4%5Cu2030%29%2C%20supporting%20lithostratigraphic%20evidence%20of%20exhumation%20to%20the%20floor%20of%20the%20Alpine%20Tethys%20already%20available%20for%20the%20Canavese%2C%20St.%20Barthelemy%20and%20Punta%20Rossa%20serpentinites.%20Subsequent%20interaction%20with%20the%20metasediments%20during%20Alpine%20metamorphism%20resulted%20in%20variations%20in%20trace%20element%20concentrations%20and%20stable%20isotope%20compositions%20with%20decreasing%20distance%20to%20the%20interface%20between%20the%20sediment%20and%20serpentinite.%20The%20chemical%20gradient%20between%20the%20ultramafic%20rocks%20and%20the%20neighboring%20metasediments%20is%20best%20seen%20in%20the%20Punta%20Rossa%20unit%2C%20where%20Pb%2C%20Ba%2C%20Cs%2C%20U%2C%20and%20Rb%20concentrations%20increase%2C%20%5Cu03b418O%20values%20increase%2C%20%5Cu03b437Cl%20values%20decrease%20within%20the%20serpentinite%20with%20decreasing%20distance%20to%20the%20contact%20and%20a%20%5Cu201cblackwall%5Cu201d%20of%20pure%20chlorite%20is%20found%20at%20the%20contact.%20As%20these%20contacts%20between%20ultramafic%20rocks%2C%20continental%20basement%20and%20meta-sediments%20are%20analogous%20to%20the%20slab%5Cu2013mantle%20interface%2C%20our%20results%20support%20the%20mobility%20of%20Pb%2C%20Ba%2C%20Cs%2C%20U%2C%20Rb%2C%20Cl%2C%20and%20water%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20%3C%2010%20m%20across%20the%20interface%20during%20Alpine%20metamorphism.%20However%2C%20the%20preservation%20of%20geochemical%20gradients%20within%20the%20Punta%20Rossa%20serpentinite%20indicates%20a%20limited%20role%20for%20externally%20derived%20fluid%20flux.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F11%5C%2F%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.chemgeo.2014.09.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220009-2541%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223U34FSLX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.-T.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barnes%2C%20J.%20D.%20%282014%29.%20Thickening%2C%20refertilization%2C%20and%20the%20deep%20lithosphere%20filter%20in%20continental%20arcs%3A%20Constraints%20from%20major%20and%20trace%20elements%20and%20oxygen%20isotopes.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E397%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20184%26%23x2013%3B200.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.04.022%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.04.022%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Thickening%2C%20refertilization%2C%20and%20the%20deep%20lithosphere%20filter%20in%20continental%20arcs%3A%20Constraints%20from%20major%20and%20trace%20elements%20and%20oxygen%20isotopes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cin-Ty%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Arc%20magmatism%20is%20a%20complex%20process%20involving%20generation%20of%20primary%20melts%20in%20the%20mantle%20wedge%20and%20chemical%20refinement%20of%20these%20melts%20into%20differentiated%20products%20akin%20to%20continental%20crust.%20Interaction%20of%20magmas%20%28cooling%2C%20crystallization%20and%20assimilation%29%20with%20the%20overlying%20crust%2C%20particularly%20if%20it%20is%20thick%2C%20is%20one%20way%20by%20which%20primary%20basalts%20are%20refined%20into%20more%20evolved%20compositions.%20Here%2C%20we%20explore%20the%20role%20of%20the%20mantle%20lithosphere%20as%20a%20trap%20and%5C%2For%20reactive%20filter%20of%20magmas.%20We%20use%20mantle%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%20continental%20arc%20in%20California%20as%20a%20probe%20into%20sub-Moho%20processes.%20Based%20on%20clinopyroxene%20modal%20abundance%20and%20major%2C%20minor%20and%20moderately%20incompatible%20trace%20element%20concentrations%2C%20the%20peridotites%20define%20a%20refertilization%20trend%20that%20increases%20with%20depth%2C%20grading%20from%20clinopyroxene-poor%20%28%20%3C%205%20%25%20%29%2C%20undeformed%20spinel%20peridotites%20equilibrated%20at%20%3C%203%20GPa%20%28%20%3C%2090%20km%20%29%20to%20clinopyroxene-rich%20%2810%5Cu201320%25%29%2C%20porphyroclastic%20garnet%20peridotites%20equilibrated%20between%203%20and%203.5%20GPa%20%2890%5Cu2013105%20km%29%2C%20the%20latter%20presumably%20approaching%20the%20top%20of%20the%20subducting%20slab.%20The%20petrology%20and%20geochemistry%20of%20the%20xenoliths%20suggest%20that%20the%20fertile%20peridotites%20were%20originally%20depleted%20spinel%20peridotites%2C%20which%20were%20subsequently%20refertilized.%20Incompatible%20trace%20element%20geochemistry%20reveals%20a%20pervasive%20cryptic%20metasomatic%20overprint%20in%20all%20peridotites%2C%20suggesting%20involvement%20of%20small%20amounts%20of%20subduction-derived%20fluids%20from%20the%20long-lived%20Farallon%20plate%20beneath%20western%20North%20America.%20However%2C%20bulk%20reconstructed%20%5Cu03b4%20O%20SMOW%2018%20values%20of%20the%20peridotites%2C%20including%20the%20most%20refertilized%2C%20fall%20between%205.4%20and%205.9%20%5Cu2030%20%2C%20within%20the%20natural%20variability%20of%20unmetasomatized%20mantle%20%28%20%5Cu223c%205.5%20%5Cu00b1%200.2%20%5Cu2030%20%29.%20Together%20with%20Sm%2C%20Yb%2C%20and%20Ca%20compositional%20data%2C%20the%20oxygen%20isotope%20data%20suggest%20that%20the%20role%20of%20slab%20or%20sediment%20melts%20in%20refertilizing%20the%20peridotites%20was%20negligible%20%28%20%3C%205%20%25%20in%20terms%20of%20added%20melt%20mass%29.%20Instead%2C%20binary%20mixing%20models%20suggest%20that%20many%20of%20the%20Sierran%20garnet%20peridotites%2C%20particularly%20those%20with%20high%20clinopyroxene%20modes%2C%20had%20up%20to%2030%25%20mantle-derived%20melt%20added.%20Our%20data%20suggest%20that%20refertilization%20of%20the%20deep%20arc%20lithosphere%2C%20via%20melt%20entrapment%20and%20clinopyroxene%20precipitation%2C%20may%20be%20an%20important%20process%20that%20modifies%20the%20composition%20of%20primary%20arc%20magmas%20before%20they%20reach%20the%20crust%20and%20shallowly%20differentiate.%20Comparison%20of%20our%20data%20with%20a%20global%20compilation%20of%20arc-related%20mantle%20xenoliths%20suggests%20that%20sub-Moho%20refertilization%20may%20be%20more%20extensive%20beneath%20mature%20arcs%2C%20such%20as%20continental%20arcs%2C%20compared%20to%20juvenile%20island%20arcs%2C%20possibly%20because%20of%20the%20greater%20thickness%20of%20crust%20and%20lithosphere%20beneath%20mature%20and%20island%20arcs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%227%5C%2F1%5C%2F%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2014.04.022%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226IWULCSV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20Tollstrup%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20Xie%2C%20L.%20W.%2C%20Wimpenny%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yin%2C%20Q.%20Z.%20%282013%29.%20On%20the%20origin%20of%20hot%20metasedimentary%20quartzites%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20continental%20arcs.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E361%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20120%26%23x2013%3B133.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2012.11.031%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2012.11.031%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20origin%20of%20hot%20metasedimentary%20quartzites%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20continental%20arcs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tollstrup%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wimpenny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Volcanic%20arcs%20associated%20with%20subduction%20zones%20are%20thought%20to%20be%20the%20primary%20building%20blocks%20of%20continents.%20The%20composition%20of%20the%20magmas%2C%20particularly%20in%20continental%20arcs%2C%20is%20the%20product%20of%20mixing%20between%20differentiation%20of%20juvenile%20magmas%20and%20pre-existing%20crustal%20wallrock%2C%20the%20former%20being%20typically%20mafic%20and%20the%20latter%20more%20silicic.%20Because%20the%20upper%20continental%20crust%20is%20on%20average%20thought%20to%20be%20more%20silicic%20than%20the%20mafic%20lower%20crust%2C%20mixing%20with%20silicic%20endmembers%20should%20occur%20primarily%20in%20the%20upper%20crust.%20However%2C%20we%20show%20here%20that%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20continental%20arcs%20contains%20silicic%20metasediments.%20We%20examine%20garnet-bearing%2C%20granulite-facies%20sedimentary%20quartzite%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%20batholith%20in%20California%2C%20a%20Cretaceous%20continental%20arc.%20The%20quartzites%20have%20equigranular%20textures%20and%20contain%20quartz%20%28%3E50%25%29%2C%20plagioclase%20%28%3C30%25%29%2C%20garnet%20%2810%25%29%2C%20and%20small%20amounts%20%28%3C1%25%29%20of%20rutile%2C%20aluminosilicate%2C%20biotite%2C%20monazite%2C%20zircon%2C%20graphite%20and%20trace%20orthopyroxene.%20Cathodoluminescent%20images%20show%20zircons%20with%20rounded%20detrital%20cores%20mantled%20by%20metamorphic%20overgrowths.%20Hf%20isotopic%20model%20ages%20and%20U-Pb%20upper%20intercept%20ages%2C%20for%20a%20given%20zircon%2C%20are%20similar%2C%20but%20the%20zircon%20population%20shows%20variable%20protolith%20ages%20ranging%20from%20Proterozoic%20to%20Archean.%20In%20contrast%2C%20all%20zircons%20share%20similar%20lower%20intercept%20U-Pb%20ages%20%28103%20%2B%5C%2F-%2010%20Ma%29%2C%20which%20coincide%20with%20the%20peak%20of%20arc%20magmatism%20in%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada.%20The%20Precambrian%20protolith%20ages%20are%20similar%20to%20North%20American%20cratonal%20basement%20and%20together%20with%20the%20abundance%20of%20quartz%20and%20detrital%20zircons%2C%20suggest%20that%20these%20quartzites%20represent%20ancient%2C%20passive%20margin%20sediments%20instead%20of%20juvenile%20active%20margin%20sediments%20in%20the%20oceanic%20trench%20and%20accretionary%20prism.%20Importantly%2C%20these%20quartzites%20record%20peak%20metamorphic%20temperatures%20and%20pressures%20of%20700-800%20degrees%20C%20using%20Ti-in-quartz%20thermometry%20and%200.7-1.1%20GPa%20using%20garnet-aluminosilicate-plagioclase%20thermobarometry%2C%20indicating%20that%20these%20xenoliths%20experienced%20significant%20heating%20and%20possible%20partial%20melting%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%2C%20most%20likely%20related%20to%20arc%20magmatism%20as%20suggested%20by%20similarities%20between%20the%20lower%20intercept%20U-Pb%20ages%20and%20the%20ages%20of%20plutonism%20in%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada.%20Possible%20mechanisms%20by%20which%20these%20sediments%20were%20transported%20into%20the%20lower%20crust%20include%20continental%20underthrusting%20beneath%20the%20continental%20arc%2C%20underplating%20by%20buoyant%20slab-derived%20sedimentary%20diapirs%2C%20or%20viscous%20downflow%20of%20country%20rock%20in%20response%20to%20diapiric%20ascent%20of%20plutons.%20Continental%20underthrusting%20has%20been%20independently%20documented%20during%20the%20Sevier%20orogeny%2C%20coinciding%20with%20the%20peak%20of%20arc%20magmatism.%20We%20thus%20speculate%20that%20supracrustal%20rocks%20may%20have%20been%20underthrusted%20into%20deep%20crustal%20magmatic%20zones.%20Regardless%20of%20how%20these%20metasediments%20arrived%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%2C%20our%20observations%20indicate%20that%20silicic%20metasediments%20occur%20in%20the%20lower%20crust%20of%20volcanic%20arcs%2C%20not%20just%20in%20the%20upper%20crust%20as%20is%20commonly%20thought.%20Transport%20of%20metasediments%20into%20deep%20crustal%20magmatic%20zones%20should%20influence%20the%20composition%20of%20arc%20magmas%20and%20continental%20crust%20in%20general.%20%28C%29%202012%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%201%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2012.11.031%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223AXZYMQM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Filiberto%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFiliberto%2C%20J.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%2C%20Day%2C%20J.%20M.%20D.%2C%20Franchi%2C%20I.%20A.%2C%20Greenwood%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Gross%2C%20J.%2C%20Penniston-Dorland%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20Schwenzer%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Treiman%2C%20A.%20H.%20%282012%29.%20Geochemistry%20of%20intermediate%20olivine-phyric%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%206234%2C%20with%20similarities%20to%20basaltic%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%20480%20and%20olivine-phyric%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%202990.%20%3Ci%3EMeteoritics%20%26amp%3B%20Planetary%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%201256%26%23x2013%3B1273.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1945-5100.2012.01382.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1945-5100.2012.01382.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geochemistry%20of%20intermediate%20olivine-phyric%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%206234%2C%20with%20similarities%20to%20basaltic%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%20480%20and%20olivine-phyric%20shergottite%20Northwest%20Africa%202990%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Filiberto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Day%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greenwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penniston-Dorland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwenzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treiman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20newly%20found%20meteorite%20Northwest%20Africa%206234%20%28NWA%206234%29%20is%20an%20olivine%20%28ol%29-phyric%20shergottite%20that%20is%20thought%2C%20based%20on%20texture%20and%20mineralogy%2C%20to%20be%20paired%20with%20Martian%20shergottite%20meteorites%20NWA%202990%2C%205960%2C%20and%206710.%20We%20report%20bulk-rock%20major-%20and%20trace-element%20abundances%20%28including%20Li%29%2C%20abundances%20of%20highly%20siderophile%20elements%2C%20Re-Os%20isotope%20systematics%2C%20oxygen%20isotope%20ratios%2C%20and%20the%20lithium%20isotope%20ratio%20for%20NWA%206234.%20NWA%206234%20is%20classified%20as%20a%20Martian%20shergottite%2C%20based%20on%20its%20oxygen%20isotope%20ratios%2C%20bulk%20composition%2C%20and%20bulk%20element%20abundance%20ratios%2C%20Fe%5C%2FMn%2C%20Al%5C%2FTi%2C%20and%20Na%5C%2FAl.%20The%20Li%20concentration%20and%20d7Li%20value%20of%20NWA%206234%20are%20similar%20to%20that%20of%20basaltic%20shergottites%20Zagami%20and%20Shergotty.%20The%20rare%20earth%20element%20%28REE%29%20pattern%20for%20NWA%206234%20shows%20a%20depletion%20in%20the%20light%20REE%20%28La-Nd%29%20compared%20with%20the%20heavy%20REE%20%28Sm-Lu%29%2C%20but%20not%20as%20extreme%20as%20the%20known%20depleted%20shergottites.%20Thus%2C%20NWA%206234%20is%20suggested%20to%20belong%20to%20a%20new%20category%20of%20shergottite%20that%20is%20geochemically%20intermediate%20in%20incompatible%20elements.%20The%20only%20other%20basaltic%20or%20ol-phyric%20shergottite%20with%20a%20similar%20intermediate%20character%20is%20the%20basaltic%20shergottite%20NWA%20480.%20Rhenium-osmium%20isotope%20systematics%20are%20consistent%20with%20this%20intermediate%20character%2C%20assuming%20a%20crystallization%20age%20of%20180%20Ma.%20We%20conclude%20that%20NWA%206234%20represents%20an%20intermediate%20compositional%20group%20between%20enriched%20and%20depleted%20shergottites%20and%20offers%20new%20insights%20into%20the%20nature%20of%20mantle%20differentiation%20and%20mixing%20among%20mantle%20reservoirs%20in%20Mars.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1945-5100.2012.01382.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221086-9379%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223JN29YJT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-04-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20Luffi%2C%20P.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Bouchet%2C%20R.%2C%20Dasgupta%2C%20R.%2C%20Morton%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Le%20Roux%2C%20V.%2C%20Yin%2C%20Q.%20Z.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jin%2C%20D.%20%282012%29.%20Copper%20systematics%20in%20arc%20magmas%20and%20implications%20for%20crust-mantle%20differentiation.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E336%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286077%29%2C%2064%26%23x2013%3B68.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1217313%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1217313%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Copper%20systematics%20in%20arc%20magmas%20and%20implications%20for%20crust-mantle%20differentiation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luffi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouchet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dasgupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Arc%20magmas%20are%20important%20building%20blocks%20of%20the%20continental%20crust.%20Because%20many%20arc%20lavas%20are%20oxidized%2C%20continent%20formation%20is%20thought%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20oxidizing%20conditions.%20On%20the%20basis%20of%20copper%27s%20%28Cu%27s%29%20affinity%20for%20reduced%20sulfur%20phases%2C%20we%20tracked%20the%20redox%20state%20of%20arc%20magmas%20from%20mantle%20source%20to%20emplacement%20in%20the%20crust.%20Primary%20arc%20and%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20basalts%20have%20identical%20Cu%20contents%2C%20indicating%20that%20the%20redox%20states%20of%20primitive%20arc%20magmas%20are%20indistinguishable%20from%20that%20of%20mid-ocean%20ridge%20basalts.%20During%20magmatic%20differentiation%2C%20the%20Cu%20content%20of%20most%20arc%20magmas%20decreases%20markedly%20because%20of%20sulfide%20segregation.%20Because%20a%20similar%20depletion%20in%20Cu%20characterizes%20global%20continental%20crust%2C%20the%20formation%20of%20sulfide-bearing%20cumulates%20under%20reducing%20conditions%20may%20be%20a%20critical%20step%20in%20continent%20formation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Apr%206%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.1217313%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220036-8075%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J5U4KTXS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tollstrup%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-03-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETollstrup%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20Xie%2C%20L.%20W.%2C%20Wimpenny%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Chin%2C%20E.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yin%2C%20Q.%20Z.%20%282012%29.%20A%20trio%20of%20laser%20ablation%20in%20concert%20with%20two%20ICP-MSs%3A%20Simultaneous%2C%20pulse-by-pulse%20determination%20of%20U-Pb%20discordant%20ages%20and%20a%20single%20spot%20Hf%20isotope%20ratio%20analysis%20in%20complex%20zircons%20from%20petrographic%20thin%20sections.%20%3Ci%3EGeochemistry%20Geophysics%20Geosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011gc004027%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011gc004027%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20trio%20of%20laser%20ablation%20in%20concert%20with%20two%20ICP-MSs%3A%20Simultaneous%2C%20pulse-by-pulse%20determination%20of%20U-Pb%20discordant%20ages%20and%20a%20single%20spot%20Hf%20isotope%20ratio%20analysis%20in%20complex%20zircons%20from%20petrographic%20thin%20sections%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tollstrup%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wimpenny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20have%20developed%20a%20technique%20for%20the%20simultaneous%20in%20situ%20determination%20of%20U-Pb%20ages%20and%20Hf%20isotope%20ratios%20from%20a%20single%20spot%20in%20complex%2C%20discordant%20zircons%20by%20combining%20both%20a%20single-collector%20and%20a%20multicollector%20sector%20field%20inductively%20coupled%20plasma-mass%20spectrometry%20%28ICP-MS%29%20with%20a%20193%20nm%20excimer%20laser%20ablation%20system.%20With%20a%20suite%20of%20zircon%20standards%20of%20various%20ages%2C%20we%20first%20show%20that%20U-Pb%20ages%20can%20be%20determined%20accurately%20to%20within%200.3-2.5%25%20%282%20sigma%29%20compared%20to%20the%20nominal%20value%2C%20while%20the%20internal%20errors%20are%20better%20than%200.4-0.7%25%3B%20hafnium%20isotope%20ratios%20are%20accurate%2C%20relative%20to%20solution%20analyses%2C%20within%20one%20epsilon%20unit%2C%20and%20internal%20errors%20are%20typically%20%3C0.008%25.%20We%20then%20apply%20the%20technique%20to%20complex%2C%20discordant%20zircons%20with%20variable%20Pb-206%5C%2FU-238%20and%20Pb-207%5C%2FU-235%20ratios%2C%20commonly%20discarded%20previously%20as%20%5C%22un-reducible%20data%2C%5C%22%20to%20construct%20a%20Discordia%20in%20U-Pb%20Concordia%20plot%2C%20using%20every%20scan%2C%20every%20laser%20pulse%20as%20individual%20data%20points%20from%20a%20single%20laser%20ablation%20spot%20%28typically%20%3E%20200-250%20data%20points%29.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20upper%20and%20lower%20intercept%20ages%20from%20the%20Discordia%2C%20augmented%20by%20high%20precision%20Hf%20isotope%20data%20obtained%20on%20the%20same%20spot%2C%20reveal%20invaluable%20information%20that%20permit%20unique%20insight%20to%20geological%20processes%20not%20available%20by%20other%20means.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20our%20technique%20is%20useful%20for%20provenance%20studies%20of%20small%2C%20complex%20detrital%20zircons%20in%20sedimentary%20and%20high-grade%20metamorphic%20rocks%2C%20in%20relation%20to%20crustal%20growth%20and%20evolution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%2021%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2011gc004027%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221525-2027%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R33NIVP3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChin%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20Luffi%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tice%2C%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Deep%20Lithospheric%20Thickening%20and%20Refertilization%20beneath%20Continental%20Arcs%3A%20Case%20Study%20of%20the%20P%2C%20T%20and%20Compositional%20Evolution%20of%20Peridotite%20Xenoliths%20from%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%2C%20California.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Petrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20477%26%23x2013%3B511.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fpetrology%5C%2Fegr069%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fpetrology%5C%2Fegr069%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deep%20Lithospheric%20Thickening%20and%20Refertilization%20beneath%20Continental%20Arcs%3A%20Case%20Study%20of%20the%20P%2C%20T%20and%20Compositional%20Evolution%20of%20Peridotite%20Xenoliths%20from%20the%20Sierra%20Nevada%2C%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luffi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tice%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Thickening%20of%20arc%20lithosphere%20influences%20the%20extent%20of%20magmatic%20differentiation%20and%20is%20thereby%20important%20for%20the%20evolution%20of%20juvenile%20arcs%20into%20mature%20continental%20crust.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%20mantle%20xenoliths%20from%20the%20late%20Mesozoic%20Sierra%20Nevada%20continental%20arc%20in%20California%20%28USA%29%20to%20constrain%20the%20pressure%2C%20temperature%2C%20and%20compositional%20evolution%20of%20the%20deep%20lithosphere%20beneath%20a%20mature%20arc.%20These%20xenoliths%20consist%20of%20spinel%20peridotites%20and%20garnet-bearing%20spinel%20peridotites.%20The%20former%20are%20characterized%20by%20coarse-grained%20protogranular%20textures%20having%20bulk%20compositions%20indicative%20of%20high-degree%20melting.%20The%20latter%20are%20characterized%20by%20porphyroclastic%20textures%2C%20garnet%20coronas%20around%20spinels%2C%20garnet%20exsolution%20lamellae%20in%20pyroxenes%2C%20and%20pyroxenes%20with%20high-Al%20cores%20and%20low-Al%20rims.%20The%20garnet-bearing%20spinel%20peridotites%20range%20from%20depleted%20to%20fertile%20compositions%2C%20but%20the%20high%20Cr-numbers%20%5Bmolar%20Cr%5C%2F%28Cr%20%2B%20Al%29%5D%20of%20spinel%20cores%20reflect%20high-degree%20melting.%20These%20observations%20suggest%20that%20the%20protoliths%20of%20the%20garnet-bearing%20spinel%20peridotites%20were%20melt-depleted%20spinel%20peridotites.%20Constraints%20from%20geothermobarometry%20and%20bulk%20compositions%20coupled%20with%20mantle%20melting%20models%20suggest%20that%20the%20protoliths%20underwent%20shallow%20melt%20depletion%20%281-2%20GPa%2C%201300-1400%20degrees%20C%29%2C%20followed%20by%20compression%2C%20cooling%2C%20and%20final%20equilibration%20within%20the%20garnet%20stability%20field%20%28similar%20to%203%20GPa%2C%20%3C%20800%20degrees%20C%29.%20The%20deepest%20equilibrated%20samples%20are%20the%20most%20refertilized%2C%20suggesting%20that%20refertilization%20occurred%20during%20compression.%20We%20interpret%20this%20P-T-composition%20path%20to%20reflect%20progressive%20thickening%20of%20the%20Sierran%20arc%20lithosphere%20perhaps%20as%20a%20result%20of%20magmatic%20inflation%20or%20tectonic%20thickening.%20We%20hypothesize%20that%20newly%20formed%20arc%20lithospheric%20mantle%20thickens%20enough%20to%20pinch%20out%20the%20asthenospheric%20wedge%2C%20juxtaposing%20Sierran%20arc%20lithosphere%20against%20the%20subducting%20oceanic%20plate.%20This%20could%20have%20terminated%20arc%20magmatism%20and%20initiated%20cooling%20of%20the%20deep%20Sierran%20lithosphere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fpetrology%5C%2Fegr069%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3530%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226N7BA45K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.%20T.%20A.%2C%20Luffi%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chin%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20Building%20and%20Destroying%20Continental%20Mantle.%20%3Ci%3EAnnual%20Review%20of%20Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Sciences%2C%20Vol%2039%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2059%26%23x2013%3B90.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-earth-040610-133505%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-earth-040610-133505%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20and%20Destroying%20Continental%20Mantle%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luffi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Continents%2C%20especially%20their%20Archean%20cores%2C%20are%20underlain%20by%20thick%20thermal%20boundary%20layers%20that%20have%20been%20largely%20isolated%20from%20the%20convecting%20mantle%20over%20billion-year%20timescales%2C%20far%20exceeding%20the%20life%20span%20of%20oceanic%20thermal%20boundary%20layers.%20This%20longevity%20is%20promoted%20by%20the%20fact%20that%20continents%20are%20underlain%20by%20highly%20melt-depleted%20peridotites%2C%20which%20result%20in%20a%20chemically%20distinct%20boundary%20layer%20that%20is%20intrinsically%20buoyant%20and%20strong%20%28owing%20to%20dehydration%29.%20This%20chemical%20boundary%20layer%20counteracts%20the%20destabilizing%20effect%20of%20the%20cold%20thermal%20state%20of%20continents.%20The%20compositions%20of%20cratonic%20peridotites%20require%20formation%20at%20shallower%20depths%20than%20they%20currently%20reside%2C%20suggesting%20that%20the%20building%20blocks%20of%20continents%20formed%20in%20oceanic%20or%20arc%20environments%20and%20became%20%5C%22continental%5C%22%20after%20significant%20thickening%20or%20underthrusting.%20Continents%20are%20difficult%20to%20destroy%2C%20but%20refertilization%20and%20rehydration%20of%20continental%20mantle%20by%20the%20passage%20of%20melts%20can%20nullify%20the%20unique%20stabilizing%20composition%20of%20continents.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-earth-040610-133505%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220084-6597%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227PM7NYKS%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-21T23%3A12%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Gruber, B. H., Nicklas, R. W., Day, J. M. D., Chin, E. J., Ren, M., & Bernard, R. E. (2024). Origin of fabrics and olivine chemical variations preserved in brachinite and brachinite‐like achondrite meteorites. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, maps.14179. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.14179
Worthington, J. R., Chin, E. J., & Palin, R. M. (2024). Metasomatism of the continental crust and its impact on surface uplift: Insights from reactive‐transport modelling. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, jmg.12772. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12772
Chin, E. J. (2024). Dual mantle melt layers. Nature Geoscience, 17(5), 372–373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01439-9
Ferrand, T. P., & Chin, E. J. (2023). Garnet pyroxenites explain high electrical conductivity in the East African deep lithosphere. Lithos, 462–463, 107405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107405
Liu, T., Chin, E. J., & Shearer, P. (2023). Strong Physical Contrasts Across Two Mid‐Lithosphere Discontinuities Beneath the Northwestern United States: Evidence for Cratonic Mantle Metasomatism. AGU Advances, 4(6), e2023AV001014. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001014
Lee, C.-T., & Chin, E. J. (2023). Cratonization and a journey of healing: From weakness to strength. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 624, 118439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118439
Gruber, B., Chin, E. J., & Le Roux, V. (2023). Evolution of Microstructural Heterogeneity in the Deep Arc Lithosphere During Delamination. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(7), e2022JB025661. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025661
Bernard, R. E., Chin, E. J., & Murphy, C. (2023). Melt-assisted deformation in the lower crust of an active plate boundary, Baja California. Lithos, 438–439, 106975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106975
Jain, C., Rozel, A. B., van Hunen, J., Chin, E. J., & Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba, A. (2022). Building archean cratonic roots. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, 966397. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.966397
Chin, E. J., & Palin, R. M. (2022). Water storage in cratonic mantle. Terra Nova, 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12599
Urann, B. M., Le Roux, V., Jagoutz, O., Muntener, O., Behn, M. D., & Chin, E. J. (2022). High water content of arc magmas recorded in cumulates from subduction zone lower crust. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00947-w
Zuo, J., Webb, A. A. G., Chin, E. J., Ackerman, L., Harvey, J., Haproff, P. J., Müller, T., Wang, Q., Hickman, A. H., Sorger, D., & Ramírez‐Salazar, A. (2022). Earth’s Earliest Phaneritic Ultramafic Rocks: Mantle Slices or Crustal Cumulates? Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 23(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010519
Chin, E. J., Chilson-Parks, B., Boneh, Y., Hirth, G., Saal, A. E., Hearn, B. C., & Hauri, E. H. (2021). The peridotite deformation cycle in cratons and the deep impact of subduction. Tectonophysics, 817, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229029
Boneh, Y., Chin, E. J., & Hirth, G. (2021). Microstructural analysis of a mylonitic mantle xenolith sheared at laboratory-like strain rates from the edge of the Wyoming craton. Minerals, 11(9), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11090995
Boneh, Y., Chin, E. J., Chilson-Parks, B. H., Saal, A. E., Hauri, E. H., Hearn, B. C., & Hirth, G. (2021). Microstructural shift due to post-deformation annealing in the upper mantle. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gc009377
Mallik, A., Lambart, S., & Chin, E. J. (2021). Tracking the Evolution of Magmas from Heterogeneous Mantle Sources to Eruption. In H. Marquardt, M. Ballmer, S. Cottaar, & J. Konter (Eds.), Geophysical Monograph Series (1st ed., pp. 151–177). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119528609.ch6
Chin, E. J., Soustelle, V., & Liu, Y. S. (2020). An SPO-induced CPO in composite mantle xenoliths correlated with increasing melt-rock interaction. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 278, 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.10.002
Lee, C. T. A., Erdman, M., Yang, W. B., Ingram, L., Chin, E. J., & DePaolo, D. J. (2018). Sulfur isotopic compositions of deep arc cumulates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 500, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.08.017
Chin, E. J. (2018). Deep crustal cumulates reflect patterns of continental rift volcanism beneath Tanzania. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 173(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1512-z
Chin, E. J., Shimizu, K., Bybee, G. M., & Erdman, M. E. (2018). On the development of the calc-alkaline and tholeiitic magma series: A deep crustal cumulate perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 482, 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.016
Chin, E. J., Soustelle, V., Hirth, G., Saal, A. E., Kruckenberg, S. C., & Eiler, J. M. (2016). Microstructural and geochemical constraints on the evolution of deep arc lithosphere. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 17(7), 2497–2521. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc006156
Chin, E. J., Lee, C. T. A., & Blichert-Toft, J. (2015). Growth of upper plate lithosphere controls tempo of arc magmatism: Constraints from Al-diffusion kinetics and coupled Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd chronology. Geochemical Perspectives Letters, 1(0), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1503
Lee, C.-T. A., & Chin, E. J. (2014). Calculating melting temperatures and pressures of peridotite protoliths: Implications for the origin of cratonic mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 403, 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.048
Barnes, J. D., Beltrando, M., Lee, C.-T. A., Cisneros, M., Loewy, S., & Chin, E. (2014). Geochemistry of Alpine serpentinites from rifting to subduction: A view across paleogeographic domains and metamorphic grade. Chemical Geology, 389, 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.09.012
Chin, E. J., Lee, C.-T. A., & Barnes, J. D. (2014). Thickening, refertilization, and the deep lithosphere filter in continental arcs: Constraints from major and trace elements and oxygen isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 397, 184–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.022
Chin, E. J., Lee, C. T. A., Tollstrup, D. L., Xie, L. W., Wimpenny, J. B., & Yin, Q. Z. (2013). On the origin of hot metasedimentary quartzites in the lower crust of continental arcs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.031
Filiberto, J., Chin, E., Day, J. M. D., Franchi, I. A., Greenwood, R. C., Gross, J., Penniston-Dorland, S. C., Schwenzer, S. P., & Treiman, A. H. (2012). Geochemistry of intermediate olivine-phyric shergottite Northwest Africa 6234, with similarities to basaltic shergottite Northwest Africa 480 and olivine-phyric shergottite Northwest Africa 2990. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 47(8), 1256–1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01382.x
Lee, C. T. A., Luffi, P., Chin, E. J., Bouchet, R., Dasgupta, R., Morton, D. M., Le Roux, V., Yin, Q. Z., & Jin, D. (2012). Copper systematics in arc magmas and implications for crust-mantle differentiation. Science, 336(6077), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217313
Tollstrup, D. L., Xie, L. W., Wimpenny, J. B., Chin, E., Lee, C. T., & Yin, Q. Z. (2012). A trio of laser ablation in concert with two ICP-MSs: Simultaneous, pulse-by-pulse determination of U-Pb discordant ages and a single spot Hf isotope ratio analysis in complex zircons from petrographic thin sections. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc004027
Chin, E. J., Lee, C. T. A., Luffi, P., & Tice, M. (2012). Deep Lithospheric Thickening and Refertilization beneath Continental Arcs: Case Study of the P, T and Compositional Evolution of Peridotite Xenoliths from the Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Petrology, 53(3), 477–511. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egr069
Lee, C. T. A., Luffi, P., & Chin, E. J. (2011). Building and Destroying Continental Mantle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol 39, 39, 59–90. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133505